Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until	            USDL-23-0436
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, March 10, 2023

Technical information: 
 Household data:      (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:  (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:        (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                         THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- FEBRUARY 2023


Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 311,000 in February, and the unemployment rate
edged up to 3.6 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Notable job
gains occurred in leisure and hospitality, retail trade, government, and health care. 
Employment declined in information and in transportation and warehousing.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey
measures labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The
establishment survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For
more information about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys,
see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

Both the unemployment rate, at 3.6 percent, and the number of unemployed persons, at 5.9
million, edged up in February. These measures have shown little net movement since early
2022. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for Hispanics (5.3 percent) increased
in February. The unemployment rates for adult men (3.3 percent), adult women (3.2 percent),
teenagers (11.1 percent), Whites (3.2 percent), Blacks (5.7 percent), and Asians (3.4 percent)
changed little over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

The number of job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs increased by 223,000 in
February to 2.8 million. (See table A-11.)

The number of persons jobless less than 5 weeks increased by 343,000 to 2.3 million in 
February, offsetting a decrease in the prior month. The number of long-term unemployed (those
jobless for 27 weeks or more), at 1.1 million, changed little in February and accounted for
17.6 percent of the total unemployed. (See table A-12.)

In February, the labor force participation rate was little changed at 62.5 percent, and 
the employment-population ratio held at 60.2 percent. These measures have shown little net
change since early 2022 and remain below their pre-pandemic February 2020 levels (63.3 
percent and 61.1 percent, respectively). (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons, at 4.1 million, was essentially
unchanged in February. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment,
were working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find 
full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)

The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job was little changed 
at 5.1 million in February. These individuals were not counted as unemployed because they 
were not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding the survey or were unavailable
to take a job. (See table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally attached
to the labor force was little changed at 1.4 million in February. These individuals wanted
and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but 
had not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged 
workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for
them, also changed little over the month at 363,000. (See Summary table A.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 311,000 in February, compared with the average
monthly gain of 343,000 over the prior 6 months. In February, notable job gains occurred
in leisure and hospitality, retail trade, government, and health care. Employment declined
in information and in transportation and warehousing. (See table B-1.)

Leisure and hospitality added 105,000 jobs in February, similar to the average monthly 
gain of 91,000 over the prior 6 months. Food services and drinking places added 70,000 
jobs in February, and employment continued to trend up in accommodation (+14,000). Employment
in leisure and hospitality is below its pre-pandemic February 2020 level by 410,000, 
or 2.4 percent.

Employment in retail trade rose by 50,000 in February, reflecting a gain in general 
merchandise retailers (+39,000). Retail trade employment is little changed on net over
the year.

Government employment increased by 46,000 in February, about the same as the average 
monthly gain of 44,000 over the prior 6 months. Employment in local government continued
to trend up in February (+37,000). Overall, employment in government is below its 
pre-pandemic February 2020 level by 376,000, or 1.6 percent.

Employment in professional and business services continued to trend up in February (+45,000),
with a gain of 12,000 in management, scientific, and technical consulting services. Employment 
in professional and business services had increased by an average of 35,000 per month 
over the prior 6 months.

Health care added 44,000 jobs in February, compared with the average monthly increase 
of 54,000 over the prior 6 months. In February, job growth occurred in hospitals (+19,000)
and in nursing and residential care facilities (+14,000).

Construction employment grew by 24,000 in February, in line with the average monthly
growth of 20,000 over the prior 6 months. 

Employment in social assistance rose by 19,000 in February, similar to the average monthly
gain of 22,000 over the prior 6 months.

In February, the information industry lost 25,000 jobs. Employment continued to trend 
down in motion picture and sound recording industries (-9,000) and in telecommunications
(-3,000). Employment in information has decreased by 54,000 since November 2022.

Transportation and warehousing lost 22,000 jobs in February, including 9,000 in truck
transportation. Employment in transportation and warehousing is down by 42,000 since 
October 2022.

Employment showed little change over the month in other major industries, including mining,
quarrying, and oil and gas extraction; manufacturing; wholesale trade; financial activities;
and other services. 

In February, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose 
by 8 cents, or 0.2 percent, to $33.09. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings 
have increased by 4.6 percent. In February, average hourly earnings of private-sector 
production and nonsupervisory employees rose by 13 cents, or 0.5 percent, to $28.42. (See
tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour
to 34.5 hours in February. In manufacturing, the average workweek edged down by 0.2 hour
to 40.3 hours, and overtime edged down by 0.1 hour to 3.0 hours. The average workweek for
production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.2 hour
to 33.9 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for December was revised down by 21,000, 
from +260,000 to +239,000, and the change for January was revised down by 13,000, from
+517,000 to +504,000. With these revisions, employment gains in December and January 
combined were 34,000 lower than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from 
additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last 
published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)

_____________
The Employment Situation for March is scheduled to be released on 
Friday, April 7, 2023, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Feb. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Change from: Jan. 2023- Feb. 2023
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	263,324	264,844	265,962	266,112	150
Civilian labor force	163,862	164,966	165,832	166,251	419
Participation rate	62.2	62.3	62.4	62.5	0.1
Employed	157,590	159,244	160,138	160,315	177
Employment-population ratio	59.8	60.1	60.2	60.2	0.0
Unemployed	6,272	5,722	5,694	5,936	242
Unemployment rate	3.8	3.5	3.4	3.6	0.2
Not in labor force	99,463	99,878	100,130	99,861	-269
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	3.8	3.5	3.4	3.6	0.2
Adult men (20 years and over)	3.5	3.1	3.2	3.3	0.1
Adult women (20 years and over)	3.6	3.2	3.1	3.2	0.1
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	10.3	10.4	10.3	11.1	0.8
White	3.3	3.0	3.1	3.2	0.1
Black or African American	6.6	5.7	5.4	5.7	0.3
Asian	3.0	2.4	2.8	3.4	0.6
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	4.5	4.1	4.5	5.3	0.8
Total, 25 years and over	3.2	2.8	2.8	2.9	0.1
Less than a high school diploma	4.5	5.0	4.5	5.8	1.3
High school graduates, no college	4.4	3.6	3.7	3.6	-0.1
Some college or associate degree	3.7	2.9	2.9	3.2	0.3
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.2	1.9	2.0	2.0	0.0
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	3,004	2,629	2,529	2,752	223
Job leavers	964	825	884	891	7
Reentrants	1,971	1,767	1,817	1,847	30
New entrants	429	497	531	515	-16
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,142	2,233	1,946	2,289	343
5 to 14 weeks	1,803	1,639	1,785	1,845	60
15 to 26 weeks	726	826	890	805	-85
27 weeks and over	1,691	1,069	1,111	1,057	-54
Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	4,137	3,878	4,050	4,067	17
Slack work or business conditions	2,726	2,648	2,685	2,840	155
Could only find part-time work	1,061	911	999	859	-140
Part time for noneconomic reasons	20,706	21,628	22,083	21,856	-227
Persons not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,477	1,260	1,354	1,396	42
Discouraged workers	392	410	342	363	21
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	Feb. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023(p)	Feb. 2023(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	904	239	504	311
Total private	897	232	386	265
Goods-producing	121	36	51	20
Mining and logging	5	4	3	0
Construction	79	26	35	24
Manufacturing	37	6	13	-4
Durable goods(1)	10	23	-1	0
Motor vehicles and parts	-23.9	9.5	-5.1	0.2
Nondurable goods	27	-17	14	-4
Private service-providing	776	196	335	245
Wholesale trade	27.3	9.6	8.9	11.1
Retail trade	168.8	26.7	33.9	50.1
Transportation and warehousing	74.1	0.3	16.3	-21.5
Utilities	1.0	-0.7	-2.1	-1.1
Information	7	-9	-20	-25
Financial activities	41	4	5	-1
Professional and business services(1)	142	23	53	45
Temporary help services	57.4	-55.0	15.3	6.8
Private education and health services(1)	109	71	107	74
Health care and social assistance	95.8	73.1	75.6	62.8
Leisure and hospitality	162	58	114	105
Other services	43	13	19	9
Government	7	7	118	46
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	612	284	344	351
Total private	598	253	282	294
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.7	49.8	49.8	49.8
Total private women employees	48.2	48.4	48.4	48.4
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	81.5	81.3	81.3	81.3
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.7	34.4	34.6	34.5
Average hourly earnings	$31.63	$32.92	$33.01	$33.09
Average weekly earnings	$1,097.56	$1,132.45	$1,142.15	$1,141.61
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	112.3	114.2	115.2	115.1
Over-the-month percent change	1.0	-0.1	0.9	-0.1
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	169.8	179.7	181.8	182.0
Over-the-month percent change	1.0	0.3	1.2	0.1
DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (250 industries)	84.6	64.0	68.0	56.0
Manufacturing (72 industries)	84.0	52.8	51.4	47.2
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 130,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 600,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on 
   payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
   employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
   period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
   counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
   are paid, please visit www.bls.gov/ces/publications/length-pay-period.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 122,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 666,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2022 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 130,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-80,000 to +180,000 (50,000 +/- 130,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from -0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1
to access telecommunications relay services.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Feb. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Feb. 2022	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	263,324	265,962	266,112	263,324	264,535	264,708	264,844	265,962	266,112
Civilian labor force	163,725	165,070	166,178	163,862	164,646	164,527	164,966	165,832	166,251
Participation rate	62.2	62.1	62.4	62.2	62.2	62.2	62.3	62.4	62.5
Employed	156,942	158,692	159,713	157,590	158,593	158,527	159,244	160,138	160,315
Employment-population ratio	59.6	59.7	60.0	59.8	60.0	59.9	60.1	60.2	60.2
Unemployed	6,782	6,378	6,465	6,272	6,053	6,000	5,722	5,694	5,936
Unemployment rate	4.1	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.7	3.6	3.5	3.4	3.6
Not in labor force	99,600	100,892	99,934	99,463	99,890	100,181	99,878	100,130	99,861
Persons who currently want a job	5,299	5,466	4,987	5,392	5,681	5,528	5,176	5,314	5,103
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	128,296	129,998	130,072	128,296	128,897	128,983	129,050	129,998	130,072
Civilian labor force	87,271	87,842	88,382	87,389	87,772	87,793	87,864	88,334	88,474
Participation rate	68.0	67.6	67.9	68.1	68.1	68.1	68.1	67.9	68.0
Employed	83,460	84,120	84,666	84,071	84,559	84,557	84,880	85,186	85,266
Employment-population ratio	65.1	64.7	65.1	65.5	65.6	65.6	65.8	65.5	65.6
Unemployed	3,812	3,723	3,717	3,318	3,212	3,236	2,984	3,147	3,208
Unemployment rate	4.4	4.2	4.2	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.4	3.6	3.6
Not in labor force	41,024	42,156	41,689	40,907	41,126	41,189	41,186	41,665	41,597
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	119,669	121,283	121,346	119,669	120,225	120,301	120,360	121,283	121,346
Civilian labor force	84,390	84,872	85,363	84,264	84,606	84,525	84,694	85,084	85,210
Participation rate	70.5	70.0	70.3	70.4	70.4	70.3	70.4	70.2	70.2
Employed	80,918	81,524	82,048	81,293	81,776	81,698	82,033	82,324	82,407
Employment-population ratio	67.6	67.2	67.6	67.9	68.0	67.9	68.2	67.9	67.9
Unemployed	3,472	3,348	3,315	2,971	2,829	2,827	2,661	2,760	2,803
Unemployment rate	4.1	3.9	3.9	3.5	3.3	3.3	3.1	3.2	3.3
Not in labor force	35,280	36,412	35,983	35,405	35,619	35,776	35,666	36,199	36,136
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	135,028	135,963	136,040	135,028	135,638	135,725	135,795	135,963	136,040
Civilian labor force	76,453	77,228	77,796	76,473	76,874	76,734	77,102	77,498	77,777
Participation rate	56.6	56.8	57.2	56.6	56.7	56.5	56.8	57.0	57.2
Employed	73,483	74,572	75,047	73,519	74,033	73,970	74,364	74,952	75,049
Employment-population ratio	54.4	54.8	55.2	54.4	54.6	54.5	54.8	55.1	55.2
Unemployed	2,971	2,656	2,749	2,954	2,841	2,764	2,738	2,546	2,728
Unemployment rate	3.9	3.4	3.5	3.9	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.3	3.5
Not in labor force	58,575	58,736	58,245	58,555	58,764	58,991	58,692	58,465	58,264
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	126,631	127,546	127,613	126,631	127,204	127,283	127,345	127,546	127,613
Civilian labor force	73,650	74,308	74,823	73,482	73,752	73,532	73,930	74,379	74,606
Participation rate	58.2	58.3	58.6	58.0	58.0	57.8	58.1	58.3	58.5
Employed	70,931	71,921	72,354	70,810	71,218	71,088	71,531	72,104	72,189
Employment-population ratio	56.0	56.4	56.7	55.9	56.0	55.9	56.2	56.5	56.6
Unemployed	2,718	2,387	2,470	2,672	2,534	2,444	2,398	2,275	2,417
Unemployment rate	3.7	3.2	3.3	3.6	3.4	3.3	3.2	3.1	3.2
Not in labor force	52,981	53,238	52,790	53,149	53,452	53,750	53,416	53,167	53,007
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,024	17,133	17,153	17,024	17,107	17,124	17,139	17,133	17,153
Civilian labor force	5,685	5,890	5,992	6,116	6,288	6,469	6,343	6,368	6,435
Participation rate	33.4	34.4	34.9	35.9	36.8	37.8	37.0	37.2	37.5
Employed	5,094	5,247	5,311	5,487	5,598	5,740	5,680	5,710	5,719
Employment-population ratio	29.9	30.6	31.0	32.2	32.7	33.5	33.1	33.3	33.3
Unemployed	592	643	680	628	690	729	662	658	716
Unemployment rate	10.4	10.9	11.4	10.3	11.0	11.3	10.4	10.3	11.1
Not in labor force	11,339	11,242	11,161	10,908	10,819	10,655	10,796	10,765	10,718
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Feb. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Feb. 2022	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	202,875	204,062	204,118	202,875	203,522	203,617	203,684	204,062	204,118
Civilian labor force	126,014	126,133	126,754	126,026	126,180	125,902	126,408	126,699	126,756
Participation rate	62.1	61.8	62.1	62.1	62.0	61.8	62.1	62.1	62.1
Employed	121,402	121,675	122,285	121,850	122,063	121,807	122,556	122,776	122,738
Employment-population ratio	59.8	59.6	59.9	60.1	60.0	59.8	60.2	60.2	60.1
Unemployed	4,612	4,458	4,470	4,175	4,117	4,094	3,852	3,924	4,017
Unemployment rate	3.7	3.5	3.5	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.0	3.1	3.2
Not in labor force	76,861	77,928	77,364	76,849	77,342	77,716	77,276	77,362	77,362
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	65,987	65,973	66,225	65,833	66,032	65,759	66,045	66,118	66,083
Participation rate	70.5	69.8	70.1	70.3	70.3	70.0	70.3	70.0	69.9
Employed	63,583	63,596	63,842	63,843	64,026	63,767	64,189	64,210	64,125
Employment-population ratio	67.9	67.3	67.6	68.2	68.2	67.9	68.3	68.0	67.9
Unemployed	2,404	2,377	2,383	1,990	2,006	1,992	1,856	1,908	1,958
Unemployment rate	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.8	2.9	3.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	55,501	55,601	55,932	55,326	55,340	55,174	55,461	55,637	55,733
Participation rate	57.3	57.2	57.6	57.2	57.0	56.8	57.1	57.3	57.4
Employed	53,737	53,977	54,309	53,591	53,691	53,562	53,918	54,093	54,142
Employment-population ratio	55.5	55.6	55.9	55.4	55.3	55.1	55.5	55.7	55.7
Unemployed	1,764	1,624	1,623	1,734	1,649	1,611	1,543	1,544	1,591
Unemployment rate	3.2	2.9	2.9	3.1	3.0	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.9
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,525	4,559	4,597	4,867	4,807	4,969	4,902	4,944	4,940
Participation rate	36.3	36.5	36.8	39.0	38.5	39.7	39.2	39.6	39.6
Employed	4,082	4,101	4,133	4,416	4,346	4,478	4,449	4,472	4,471
Employment-population ratio	32.7	32.9	33.1	35.4	34.8	35.8	35.5	35.8	35.8
Unemployed	444	458	463	451	462	491	453	472	469
Unemployment rate	9.8	10.0	10.1	9.3	9.6	9.9	9.2	9.5	9.5
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	34,004	34,487	34,519	34,004	34,237	34,272	34,301	34,487	34,519
Civilian labor force	21,003	21,544	21,770	21,139	21,247	21,365	21,418	21,697	21,893
Participation rate	61.8	62.5	63.1	62.2	62.1	62.3	62.4	62.9	63.4
Employed	19,566	20,335	20,488	19,751	19,988	20,139	20,189	20,535	20,654
Employment-population ratio	57.5	59.0	59.4	58.1	58.4	58.8	58.9	59.5	59.8
Unemployed	1,437	1,209	1,282	1,388	1,259	1,226	1,229	1,162	1,239
Unemployment rate	6.8	5.6	5.9	6.6	5.9	5.7	5.7	5.4	5.7
Not in labor force	13,001	12,943	12,749	12,865	12,990	12,907	12,883	12,790	12,626
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	9,887	10,038	10,153	9,960	9,783	9,947	9,956	10,115	10,218
Participation rate	68.4	68.2	68.9	68.9	67.2	68.3	68.3	68.7	69.3
Employed	9,200	9,461	9,593	9,323	9,269	9,408	9,446	9,579	9,700
Employment-population ratio	63.7	64.2	65.1	64.5	63.7	64.6	64.8	65.0	65.8
Unemployed	687	577	560	637	514	539	510	535	518
Unemployment rate	6.9	5.8	5.5	6.4	5.3	5.4	5.1	5.3	5.1
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,527	10,790	10,876	10,536	10,696	10,633	10,679	10,804	10,877
Participation rate	61.6	62.6	63.0	61.7	62.2	61.8	62.0	62.6	63.0
Employed	9,874	10,276	10,301	9,899	10,080	10,077	10,093	10,301	10,319
Employment-population ratio	57.8	59.6	59.7	58.0	58.6	58.6	58.6	59.7	59.8
Unemployed	653	514	575	637	616	556	586	504	558
Unemployment rate	6.2	4.8	5.3	6.0	5.8	5.2	5.5	4.7	5.1
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	589	716	741	644	768	785	784	778	797
Participation rate	23.8	28.5	29.5	26.1	30.8	31.4	31.4	31.0	31.7
Employed	491	599	594	529	639	654	650	655	635
Employment-population ratio	19.9	23.9	23.6	21.4	25.7	26.2	26.0	26.1	25.2
Unemployed	98	118	147	115	128	131	134	123	163
Unemployment rate	16.6	16.4	19.9	17.8	16.7	16.7	17.1	15.8	20.4
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,782	17,541	17,444	16,782	17,129	16,980	17,005	17,541	17,444
Civilian labor force	10,567	11,196	11,371	10,566	11,106	10,995	10,918	11,240	11,348
Participation rate	63.0	63.8	65.2	63.0	64.8	64.8	64.2	64.1	65.1
Employed	10,256	10,856	10,982	10,248	10,781	10,704	10,654	10,926	10,962
Employment-population ratio	61.1	61.9	63.0	61.1	62.9	63.0	62.7	62.3	62.8
Unemployed	311	340	389	318	325	291	265	313	386
Unemployment rate	2.9	3.0	3.4	3.0	2.9	2.6	2.4	2.8	3.4
Not in labor force	6,215	6,345	6,073	6,216	6,023	5,984	6,086	6,301	6,096
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Feb. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Feb. 2022	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	45,816	47,010	47,103	45,816	46,459	46,545	46,624	47,010	47,103
Civilian labor force	30,449	31,131	31,507	30,496	30,725	30,600	30,893	31,153	31,444
Participation rate	66.5	66.2	66.9	66.6	66.1	65.7	66.3	66.3	66.8
Employed	28,991	29,430	29,640	29,139	29,430	29,382	29,611	29,737	29,789
Employment-population ratio	63.3	62.6	62.9	63.6	63.3	63.1	63.5	63.3	63.2
Unemployed	1,458	1,701	1,866	1,357	1,295	1,218	1,281	1,416	1,655
Unemployment rate	4.8	5.5	5.9	4.5	4.2	4.0	4.1	4.5	5.3
Not in labor force	15,367	15,879	15,597	15,319	15,734	15,944	15,731	15,857	15,659
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	16,678	16,834	16,951	16,702	16,653	16,526	16,725	16,795	16,882
Participation rate	80.3	78.8	79.2	80.4	79.1	78.4	79.2	78.6	78.8
Employed	15,964	15,875	15,912	16,081	16,000	15,925	16,047	16,073	16,036
Employment-population ratio	76.9	74.3	74.3	77.5	76.0	75.5	76.0	75.2	74.9
Unemployed	713	958	1,038	622	653	601	677	722	846
Unemployment rate	4.3	5.7	6.1	3.7	3.9	3.6	4.0	4.3	5.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	12,425	13,024	13,120	12,403	12,655	12,637	12,785	13,024	13,085
Participation rate	59.7	61.1	61.5	59.6	59.9	59.7	60.3	61.1	61.3
Employed	11,809	12,391	12,465	11,808	12,185	12,179	12,307	12,447	12,460
Employment-population ratio	56.7	58.1	58.4	56.7	57.7	57.6	58.1	58.4	58.4
Unemployed	616	633	655	595	469	458	478	577	626
Unemployment rate	5.0	4.9	5.0	4.8	3.7	3.6	3.7	4.4	4.8
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,346	1,274	1,436	1,391	1,417	1,438	1,383	1,334	1,477
Participation rate	31.8	29.4	33.1	32.9	33.0	33.4	32.0	30.8	34.0
Employed	1,218	1,164	1,262	1,250	1,245	1,279	1,257	1,217	1,294
Employment-population ratio	28.8	26.9	29.1	29.5	29.0	29.7	29.1	28.1	29.8
Unemployed	129	110	173	141	173	159	126	116	183
Unemployment rate	9.6	8.7	12.1	10.1	12.2	11.0	9.1	8.7	12.4
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Feb. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Feb. 2022	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	8,647	8,829	8,850	8,976	9,141	8,901	8,885	8,814	9,165
Participation rate	45.2	46.1	46.7	46.9	46.6	45.6	45.6	46.0	48.3
Employed	8,141	8,267	8,198	8,574	8,574	8,506	8,443	8,417	8,629
Employment-population ratio	42.5	43.1	43.2	44.8	43.7	43.5	43.4	43.9	45.5
Unemployed	507	562	652	402	567	395	442	397	536
Unemployment rate	5.9	6.4	7.4	4.5	6.2	4.4	5.0	4.5	5.8
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	36,577	35,983	35,852	36,550	35,070	35,192	35,605	36,189	35,850
Participation rate	56.2	56.1	56.0	56.2	55.9	55.7	56.2	56.4	56.0
Employed	34,793	34,457	34,441	34,935	33,692	33,816	34,339	34,836	34,574
Employment-population ratio	53.5	53.7	53.8	53.7	53.7	53.5	54.2	54.3	54.0
Unemployed	1,784	1,526	1,411	1,615	1,378	1,377	1,266	1,353	1,276
Unemployment rate	4.9	4.2	3.9	4.4	3.9	3.9	3.6	3.7	3.6
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	35,337	35,952	35,869	35,423	35,806	35,880	35,789	36,082	35,962
Participation rate	63.5	63.2	63.4	63.7	62.7	62.9	62.7	63.5	63.6
Employed	33,931	34,859	34,594	34,122	34,734	34,748	34,735	35,046	34,796
Employment-population ratio	61.0	61.3	61.2	61.4	60.8	60.9	60.8	61.7	61.5
Unemployed	1,406	1,093	1,275	1,301	1,071	1,133	1,054	1,036	1,167
Unemployment rate	4.0	3.0	3.6	3.7	3.0	3.2	2.9	2.9	3.2
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	62,734	62,863	63,848	62,017	63,312	63,041	63,150	62,854	63,140
Participation rate	73.3	72.7	73.1	72.5	72.7	72.5	72.7	72.7	72.3
Employed	61,375	61,526	62,530	60,679	62,089	61,781	61,947	61,591	61,858
Employment-population ratio	71.7	71.1	71.6	70.9	71.3	71.1	71.3	71.2	70.9
Unemployed	1,359	1,338	1,318	1,338	1,223	1,260	1,203	1,263	1,282
Unemployment rate	2.2	2.1	2.1	2.2	1.9	2.0	1.9	2.0	2.0
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	Feb. 2022	Feb. 2023	Feb. 2022	Feb. 2023	Feb. 2022	Feb. 2023
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	18,469	18,002	16,448	15,967	2,021	2,035
Civilian labor force	8,971	8,683	7,770	7,600	1,202	1,083
Participation rate	48.6	48.2	47.2	47.6	59.5	53.2
Employed	8,686	8,462	7,540	7,393	1,146	1,069
Employment-population ratio	47.0	47.0	45.8	46.3	56.7	52.5
Unemployed	285	221	230	207	56	14
Unemployment rate	3.2	2.5	3.0	2.7	4.6	1.3
Not in labor force	9,498	9,319	8,678	8,367	819	952
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,814	4,989	3,911	4,070	904	919
Civilian labor force	3,840	4,004	3,178	3,381	662	623
Participation rate	79.8	80.3	81.3	83.1	73.3	67.8
Employed	3,718	3,894	3,088	3,283	630	611
Employment-population ratio	77.2	78.0	79.0	80.7	69.8	66.5
Unemployed	122	111	90	98	32	12
Unemployment rate	3.2	2.8	2.8	2.9	4.8	2.0
Not in labor force	974	985	733	689	241	295
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,264	2,947	2,810	2,510	453	437
Civilian labor force	2,433	2,148	2,104	1,831	329	317
Participation rate	74.6	72.9	74.9	72.9	72.6	72.5
Employed	2,376	2,098	2,063	1,781	314	317
Employment-population ratio	72.8	71.2	73.4	70.9	69.1	72.5
Unemployed	57	50	42	50	16	0
Unemployment rate	2.3	2.3	2.0	2.7	4.7	0.0
Not in labor force	831	799	706	679	124	120
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	6,345	6,077	6,093	5,820	252	257
Civilian labor force	985	820	943	815	42	6
Participation rate	15.5	13.5	15.5	14.0	16.7	2.1
Employed	939	809	901	803	38	6
Employment-population ratio	14.8	13.3	14.8	13.8	15.1	2.1
Unemployed	46	11	42	11	4	0
Unemployment rate	4.7	1.4	4.5	1.4	-	-
Not in labor force	5,360	5,257	5,150	5,005	210	251
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,046	3,989	3,634	3,567	412	422
Civilian labor force	1,713	1,711	1,545	1,574	168	137
Participation rate	42.3	42.9	42.5	44.1	40.8	32.5
Employed	1,652	1,662	1,488	1,526	164	136
Employment-population ratio	40.8	41.7	41.0	42.8	39.8	32.2
Unemployed	61	49	56	47	4	1
Unemployment rate	3.5	2.8	3.7	3.0	2.5	0.9
Not in labor force	2,333	2,278	2,089	1,993	244	285
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	235,694	238,871	107,147	109,483	128,548	129,389
Civilian labor force	152,438	155,307	78,383	79,747	74,055	75,560
Participation rate	64.7	65.0	73.2	72.8	57.6	58.4
Employed	146,175	149,259	74,906	76,361	71,269	72,898
Employment-population ratio	62.0	62.5	69.9	69.7	55.4	56.3
Unemployed	6,263	6,049	3,477	3,387	2,786	2,662
Unemployment rate	4.1	3.9	4.4	4.2	3.8	3.5
Not in labor force	83,256	83,564	28,763	29,735	54,493	53,829
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
	Feb. 2022	Feb. 2023	Feb. 2022	Feb. 2023
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	32,014	32,611	231,310	233,501
Civilian labor force	7,250	7,786	156,474	158,392
Participation rate	22.6	23.9	67.6	67.8
Employed	6,613	7,214	150,329	152,498
Employment-population ratio	20.7	22.1	65.0	65.3
Unemployed	637	572	6,145	5,894
Unemployment rate	8.8	7.3	3.9	3.7
Not in labor force	24,764	24,825	74,835	75,109
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	3,079	3,256	78,013	79,093
Participation rate	38.0	41.9	82.4	82.2
Employed	2,780	3,007	74,747	75,778
Employment-population ratio	34.3	38.7	78.9	78.7
Unemployed	299	249	3,266	3,316
Unemployment rate	9.7	7.6	4.2	4.2
Not in labor force	5,025	4,516	16,702	17,162
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,905	3,245	68,898	69,610
Participation rate	35.3	38.6	71.5	72.4
Employed	2,624	2,966	66,316	67,277
Employment-population ratio	31.9	35.3	68.8	70.0
Unemployed	281	279	2,582	2,333
Unemployment rate	9.7	8.6	3.7	3.4
Not in labor force	5,330	5,164	27,444	26,508
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,266	1,285	9,563	9,688
Participation rate	8.1	7.8	23.8	23.6
Employed	1,209	1,241	9,265	9,443
Employment-population ratio	7.7	7.6	23.0	23.0
Unemployed	57	44	298	245
Unemployment rate	4.5	3.4	3.1	2.5
Not in labor force	14,409	15,146	30,689	31,439
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	Feb. 2022	Feb. 2023	Feb. 2022	Feb. 2023	Feb. 2022	Feb. 2023
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	44,718	46,470	21,761	22,743	22,957	23,727
Civilian labor force	29,229	30,827	16,758	17,464	12,471	13,363
Participation rate	65.4	66.3	77.0	76.8	54.3	56.3
Employed	28,138	29,518	16,173	16,705	11,965	12,813
Employment-population ratio	62.9	63.5	74.3	73.4	52.1	54.0
Unemployed	1,092	1,309	585	759	506	550
Unemployment rate	3.7	4.2	3.5	4.3	4.1	4.1
Not in labor force	15,489	15,643	5,003	5,279	10,486	10,364
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	218,606	219,642	106,534	107,328	112,071	112,314
Civilian labor force	134,495	135,351	70,513	70,919	63,982	64,433
Participation rate	61.5	61.6	66.2	66.1	57.1	57.4
Employed	128,805	130,194	67,287	67,961	61,518	62,234
Employment-population ratio	58.9	59.3	63.2	63.3	54.9	55.4
Unemployed	5,691	5,157	3,226	2,958	2,464	2,199
Unemployment rate	4.2	3.8	4.6	4.2	3.9	3.4
Not in labor force	84,110	84,291	36,021	36,410	48,089	47,881
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Feb. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Feb. 2022	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,262	2,145	2,251	2,363	2,206	2,228	2,311	2,245	2,346
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,457	1,428	1,456	1,524	1,495	1,492	1,496	1,485	1,521
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	771	682	755	800	692	715	791	720	781
Unpaid family workers	34	35	40	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	154,681	156,547	157,461	155,033	156,570	156,344	156,818	157,645	157,743
Wage and salary workers(1)	145,611	147,532	148,238	146,140	147,109	147,381	147,886	148,822	148,723
Government	21,375	21,968	21,951	20,928	21,211	21,084	21,683	21,548	21,501
Private industries	124,235	125,564	126,287	124,966	126,102	126,468	126,169	126,981	126,967
Private households	572	669	592	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	123,663	124,895	125,696	124,266	125,460	125,819	125,538	126,248	126,261
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,002	8,952	9,173	9,185	9,261	8,970	9,036	9,217	9,338
Unpaid family workers	69	63	50	-	-	-	-	-	-
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,349	4,498	4,285	4,137	3,664	3,688	3,878	4,050	4,067
Slack work or business conditions	2,946	3,114	3,079	2,726	2,535	2,546	2,648	2,685	2,840
Could only find part-time work	1,089	993	868	1,061	867	826	911	999	859
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	21,301	22,096	22,494	20,706	21,297	21,226	21,628	22,083	21,856
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,278	4,401	4,146	4,103	3,578	3,623	3,810	3,959	3,964
Slack work or business conditions	2,900	3,057	2,975	2,688	2,487	2,497	2,611	2,646	2,750
Could only find part-time work	1,084	983	850	1,054	862	819	892	988	842
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	20,894	21,683	22,074	20,316	20,950	20,844	21,211	21,674	21,453
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Feb. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Feb. 2022	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	156,942	158,692	159,713	157,590	158,593	158,527	159,244	160,138	160,315
16 to 19 years	5,094	5,247	5,311	5,487	5,598	5,740	5,680	5,710	5,719
16 to 17 years	2,082	2,033	1,992	2,284	2,200	2,241	2,371	2,265	2,200
18 to 19 years	3,012	3,215	3,319	3,212	3,387	3,500	3,312	3,462	3,534
20 years and over	151,849	153,444	154,401	152,102	152,994	152,787	153,564	154,428	154,597
20 to 24 years	13,609	14,336	14,638	13,831	13,780	13,759	13,834	14,705	14,831
25 years and over	138,240	139,108	139,763	138,445	139,160	138,845	139,477	139,834	139,939
25 to 54 years	100,923	101,921	102,681	101,159	101,509	101,400	101,848	102,366	102,838
25 to 34 years	35,052	35,343	35,751	35,151	35,296	35,073	35,066	35,594	35,799
35 to 44 years	34,443	34,904	35,179	34,536	34,611	34,777	34,983	35,010	35,243
45 to 54 years	31,427	31,674	31,751	31,471	31,601	31,550	31,799	31,762	31,796
55 years and over	37,317	37,188	37,082	37,287	37,651	37,446	37,630	37,468	37,100
Men, 16 years and over	83,460	84,120	84,666	84,071	84,559	84,557	84,880	85,186	85,266
16 to 19 years	2,542	2,596	2,618	2,778	2,783	2,859	2,847	2,862	2,859
16 to 17 years	1,014	907	912	1,122	1,034	1,059	1,109	1,039	1,020
18 to 19 years	1,528	1,689	1,706	1,661	1,752	1,809	1,748	1,838	1,851
20 years and over	80,918	81,524	82,048	81,293	81,776	81,698	82,033	82,324	82,407
20 to 24 years	6,891	7,144	7,355	7,055	7,144	7,071	7,080	7,354	7,484
25 years and over	74,027	74,379	74,693	74,444	74,548	74,451	74,767	75,036	75,070
25 to 54 years	53,898	54,269	54,765	54,228	54,106	54,119	54,370	54,708	55,033
25 to 34 years	18,667	18,717	19,087	18,794	18,701	18,548	18,629	18,916	19,167
35 to 44 years	18,566	18,752	18,859	18,691	18,649	18,761	18,798	18,896	18,965
45 to 54 years	16,665	16,801	16,819	16,743	16,756	16,810	16,943	16,896	16,901
55 years and over	20,129	20,110	19,928	20,216	20,442	20,332	20,396	20,328	20,037
Women, 16 years and over	73,483	74,572	75,047	73,519	74,033	73,970	74,364	74,952	75,049
16 to 19 years	2,551	2,651	2,693	2,710	2,815	2,881	2,833	2,848	2,860
16 to 17 years	1,068	1,125	1,080	1,162	1,167	1,182	1,262	1,226	1,179
18 to 19 years	1,483	1,526	1,614	1,551	1,635	1,691	1,564	1,624	1,683
20 years and over	70,931	71,921	72,354	70,810	71,218	71,088	71,531	72,104	72,189
20 to 24 years	6,718	7,192	7,283	6,776	6,636	6,688	6,755	7,351	7,347
25 years and over	64,213	64,729	65,070	64,001	64,612	64,394	64,711	64,798	64,868
25 to 54 years	47,025	47,651	47,916	46,930	47,403	47,281	47,477	47,658	47,805
25 to 34 years	16,385	16,627	16,664	16,358	16,596	16,525	16,436	16,678	16,633
35 to 44 years	15,878	16,152	16,320	15,845	15,963	16,016	16,185	16,114	16,278
45 to 54 years	14,762	14,873	14,932	14,728	14,845	14,740	14,857	14,866	14,895
55 years and over	17,188	17,078	17,154	17,071	17,209	17,113	17,233	17,140	17,063
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	45,572	45,927	46,414	45,571	45,624	45,988	46,209	46,119	46,387
Married women, spouse present(1)	36,146	36,569	37,152	35,916	36,179	36,322	36,472	36,490	36,883
Women who maintain families(2)	9,958	10,154	9,696	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	130,712	131,175	132,173	131,783	132,179	132,300	132,299	132,577	133,184
Part-time workers(4)	26,230	27,516	27,540	25,811	26,413	26,115	26,794	27,400	27,089
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	7,557	7,877	8,041	7,430	7,519	7,676	8,046	8,001	7,904
Percent of total employed	4.8	5.0	5.0	4.7	4.7	4.8	5.1	5.0	4.9
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	6,291	6,560	6,435	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,772	9,635	9,928	9,985	9,953	9,686	9,827	9,937	10,119
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	Feb. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Feb. 2022	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	6,272	5,694	5,936	3.8	3.7	3.6	3.5	3.4	3.6
16 to 19 years	628	658	716	10.3	11.0	11.3	10.4	10.3	11.1
16 to 17 years	256	277	216	10.1	9.8	11.5	8.4	10.9	9.0
18 to 19 years	362	384	488	10.1	11.9	11.3	12.2	10.0	12.1
20 years and over	5,644	5,035	5,219	3.6	3.4	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.3
20 to 24 years	1,121	1,116	1,103	7.5	6.9	6.8	7.3	7.1	6.9
25 years and over	4,641	4,020	4,235	3.2	3.0	3.0	2.8	2.8	2.9
25 to 54 years	3,477	3,136	3,242	3.3	3.2	3.2	2.9	3.0	3.1
25 to 34 years	1,502	1,459	1,447	4.1	4.0	4.1	3.8	3.9	3.9
35 to 44 years	1,175	927	936	3.3	2.9	2.6	2.4	2.6	2.6
45 to 54 years	799	750	858	2.5	2.8	2.7	2.3	2.3	2.6
55 years and over	1,130	874	957	2.9	2.4	2.5	2.7	2.3	2.5
Men, 16 years and over	3,318	3,147	3,208	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.4	3.6	3.6
16 to 19 years	347	387	405	11.1	12.1	12.5	10.2	11.9	12.4
16 to 17 years	111	183	131	9.0	11.7	15.6	9.3	15.0	11.4
18 to 19 years	234	207	275	12.4	12.6	10.9	11.3	10.1	12.9
20 years and over	2,971	2,760	2,803	3.5	3.3	3.3	3.1	3.2	3.3
20 to 24 years	600	620	646	7.8	7.2	7.7	7.3	7.8	7.9
25 years and over	2,464	2,225	2,251	3.2	2.9	2.9	2.8	2.9	2.9
25 to 54 years	1,794	1,722	1,738	3.2	3.1	3.0	2.8	3.1	3.1
25 to 34 years	756	856	773	3.9	3.9	4.1	3.9	4.3	3.9
35 to 44 years	636	484	532	3.3	2.6	2.4	2.3	2.5	2.7
45 to 54 years	401	382	434	2.3	2.8	2.6	2.1	2.2	2.5
55 years and over	670	504	512	3.2	2.3	2.6	2.7	2.4	2.5
Women, 16 years and over	2,954	2,546	2,728	3.9	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.3	3.5
16 to 19 years	281	271	311	9.4	9.8	10.0	10.7	8.7	9.8
16 to 17 years	145	93	86	11.1	8.0	7.4	7.6	7.1	6.8
18 to 19 years	128	177	213	7.6	11.1	11.7	13.2	9.8	11.2
20 years and over	2,672	2,275	2,417	3.6	3.4	3.3	3.2	3.1	3.2
20 to 24 years	521	496	457	7.1	6.6	5.9	7.3	6.3	5.9
25 years and over	2,178	1,795	1,984	3.3	3.1	3.0	2.8	2.7	3.0
25 to 54 years	1,683	1,414	1,503	3.5	3.3	3.3	3.0	2.9	3.0
25 to 34 years	746	604	674	4.4	4.0	4.1	3.7	3.5	3.9
35 to 44 years	539	443	405	3.3	3.2	2.9	2.5	2.7	2.4
45 to 54 years	398	368	425	2.6	2.7	2.8	2.5	2.4	2.8
55 years and over	502	386	482	2.9	2.5	2.3	2.6	2.2	2.7
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	871	837	885	1.9	1.9	2.0	1.8	1.8	1.9
Married women, spouse present(1)	858	710	766	2.3	2.2	2.0	2.1	1.9	2.0
Women who maintain families(2)	557	403	514	5.3	5.7	4.9	3.6	3.8	5.0
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	5,223	4,634	4,863	3.8	3.7	3.5	3.4	3.4	3.5
Part-time workers(4)	1,085	1,078	1,117	4.0	3.9	4.4	3.9	3.8	4.0
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Feb. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Feb. 2022	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	3,473	3,226	3,249	3,004	2,695	2,761	2,629	2,529	2,752
On temporary layoff	1,164	1,238	1,117	879	853	806	814	734	816
Not on temporary layoff	2,309	1,987	2,132	2,125	1,842	1,956	1,815	1,795	1,935
Permanent job losers	1,641	1,330	1,482	1,551	1,267	1,351	1,339	1,257	1,380
Persons who completed temporary jobs	668	657	650	574	575	605	476	538	555
Job leavers	964	881	892	964	861	829	825	884	891
Reentrants	1,971	1,807	1,862	1,971	1,873	1,798	1,767	1,817	1,847
New entrants	374	465	462	429	494	558	497	531	515
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	51.2	50.6	50.3	47.2	45.5	46.4	46.0	43.9	45.8
On temporary layoff	17.2	19.4	17.3	13.8	14.4	13.5	14.2	12.7	13.6
Not on temporary layoff	34.0	31.2	33.0	33.4	31.1	32.9	31.7	31.2	32.2
Job leavers	14.2	13.8	13.8	15.1	14.5	13.9	14.4	15.3	14.8
Reentrants	29.1	28.3	28.8	30.9	31.6	30.2	30.9	31.5	30.8
New entrants	5.5	7.3	7.1	6.7	8.3	9.4	8.7	9.2	8.6
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2.1	2.0	2.0	1.8	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.7
Job leavers	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Reentrants	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1
New entrants	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Feb. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Feb. 2022	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	1,980	2,358	2,130	2,142	2,215	2,244	2,233	1,946	2,289
5 to 14 weeks	2,158	1,965	2,247	1,803	1,774	1,694	1,639	1,785	1,845
15 weeks and over	2,644	2,055	2,089	2,418	1,987	2,036	1,895	2,001	1,862
15 to 26 weeks	879	926	957	726	817	821	826	890	805
27 weeks and over	1,765	1,129	1,131	1,691	1,169	1,215	1,069	1,111	1,057
Average (mean) duration, in weeks	26.0	19.1	19.1	26.2	20.8	21.4	19.5	20.4	19.3
Median duration, in weeks	9.9	8.4	8.9	9.3	8.4	8.8	8.9	9.1	8.3
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	29.2	37.0	32.9	33.7	37.1	37.6	38.7	33.9	38.2
5 to 14 weeks	31.8	30.8	34.7	28.3	29.7	28.4	28.4	31.1	30.8
15 weeks and over	39.0	32.2	32.3	38.0	33.2	34.1	32.9	34.9	31.1
15 to 26 weeks	13.0	14.5	14.8	11.4	13.7	13.7	14.3	15.5	13.4
27 weeks and over	26.0	17.7	17.5	26.6	19.6	20.3	18.5	19.4	17.6
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	Feb. 2022	Feb. 2023	Feb. 2022	Feb. 2023	Feb. 2022	Feb. 2023
Total, 16 years and over(1)	156,942	159,713	6,782	6,465	4.1	3.9
Management, professional, and related occupations	67,754	69,986	1,490	1,406	2.2	2.0
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	29,131	30,137	638	632	2.1	2.1
Professional and related occupations	38,624	39,848	852	774	2.2	1.9
Service occupations	24,228	25,292	1,400	1,295	5.5	4.9
Sales and office occupations	31,383	30,220	1,311	1,327	4.0	4.2
Sales and related occupations	14,927	14,185	565	596	3.6	4.0
Office and administrative support occupations	16,456	16,035	747	731	4.3	4.4
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	14,091	14,190	917	902	6.1	6.0
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	963	946	119	85	11.0	8.2
Construction and extraction occupations	8,286	8,474	664	713	7.4	7.8
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,842	4,769	134	104	2.7	2.1
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	19,485	20,025	1,270	1,073	6.1	5.1
Production occupations	7,993	8,380	413	421	4.9	4.8
Transportation and material moving occupations	11,492	11,645	856	651	6.9	5.3
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	Feb. 2022	Feb. 2023	Feb. 2022	Feb. 2023
Total, 16 years and over(1)	6,782	6,465	4.1	3.9
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	5,479	5,218	4.2	4.0
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	29	17	5.0	3.0
Construction	677	708	6.7	6.6
Manufacturing	497	464	3.2	3.0
Durable goods	324	268	3.3	2.6
Nondurable goods	174	196	3.1	3.6
Wholesale and retail trade	983	1,039	4.9	5.4
Transportation and utilities	409	377	5.1	4.5
Information	91	87	3.7	3.2
Financial activities	246	227	2.4	2.2
Professional and business services	737	801	3.9	4.2
Education and health services	754	611	3.0	2.4
Leisure and hospitality	849	693	6.6	5.2
Other services	207	194	3.5	3.1
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	144	105	9.4	7.1
Government workers	386	374	1.8	1.7
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	399	306	3.9	3.0
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Feb. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Feb. 2022	Oct. 2022	Nov. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.6	1.2	1.3	1.5	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.1
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	2.1	2.0	2.0	1.8	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.7
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	4.1	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.7	3.6	3.5	3.4	3.6
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	4.4	4.1	4.1	4.1	3.9	3.9	3.7	3.6	3.8
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	5.0	4.7	4.7	4.7	4.5	4.5	4.2	4.2	4.4
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	7.6	7.4	7.3	7.2	6.7	6.7	6.5	6.6	6.8
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	Feb. 2022	Feb. 2023	Feb. 2022	Feb. 2023	Feb. 2022	Feb. 2023
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	99,600	99,934	41,024	41,689	58,575	58,245
Persons who currently want a job	5,299	4,987	2,493	2,514	2,806	2,472
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,496	1,420	749	771	747	649
Discouraged workers(2)	393	361	214	202	178	159
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,103	1,059	535	569	569	490
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	7,557	8,041	3,682	4,014	3,875	4,027
Percent of total employed	4.8	5.0	4.4	4.7	5.3	5.4
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	4,243	4,415	2,286	2,379	1,957	2,036
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	1,993	2,051	696	824	1,297	1,227
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	288	388	173	236	115	152
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	997	1,142	508	562	489	580
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	Feb. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023(p)	Feb. 2023(p)	Feb. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023(p)	Feb. 2023(p)	Change from: Jan.2023 - Feb.2023(p)
Total nonfarm	149,606	155,344	152,836	153,955	151,010	154,535	155,039	155,350	311
Total private	127,338	132,746	130,512	131,234	128,928	132,204	132,590	132,855	265
Goods-producing	20,523	21,377	21,062	21,156	20,906	21,461	21,512	21,532	20
Mining and logging	574	626	622	622	583	628	631	631	0
Logging	45.1	45.5	46.4	46.4	44.7	45.7	46.2	45.9	-0.3
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	529.2	580.5	575.1	575.9	538.2	582.4	585.1	584.7	-0.4
Oil and gas extraction	111.1	118.0	117.3	117.1	111.9	117.2	118.1	118.0	-0.1
Mining (except oil and gas)	174.3	183.9	180.3	181.9	180.4	186.5	186.3	187.4	1.1
Coal mining	39.6	40.8	40.9	41.1	39.6	41.1	41.0	41.1	0.1
Metal ore mining	41.9	43.2	43.4	43.5	42.3	43.5	43.7	43.7	0.0
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	92.8	99.9	96.0	97.3	98.5	102.0	101.6	102.5	0.9
Support activities for mining	243.8	278.6	277.5	276.9	245.9	278.7	280.7	279.3	-1.4
Construction	7,349	7,763	7,549	7,613	7,669	7,859	7,894	7,918	24
Construction of buildings	1,682.9	1,773.2	1,751.1	1,756.6	1,732.2	1,785.9	1,798.0	1,800.9	2.9
Residential building construction	886.9	928.2	911.0	915.9	910.6	934.3	937.3	938.5	1.2
Nonresidential building construction	796.0	845.0	840.1	840.7	821.6	851.6	860.7	862.4	1.7
Heavy and civil engineering construction	972.1	1,040.2	986.5	1,009.0	1,061.5	1,081.5	1,085.9	1,093.6	7.7
Specialty trade contractors	4,693.7	4,949.3	4,811.1	4,846.9	4,875.1	4,991.4	5,009.9	5,023.3	13.4
Residential specialty trade contractors	2,196.9	2,301.4	2,235.1	2,262.9	2,274.1	2,324.8	2,325.3	2,336.5	11.2
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,496.8	2,647.9	2,576.0	2,584.0	2,601.0	2,666.6	2,684.6	2,686.8	2.2
Manufacturing	12,600	12,988	12,891	12,921	12,654	12,974	12,987	12,983	-4
Durable goods	7,835	8,107	8,052	8,069	7,859	8,096	8,095	8,095	0
Wood product manufacturing	424.6	429.2	426.8	426.0	425.7	429.3	429.0	428.0	-1.0
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	406.5	428.9	423.5	424.9	420.5	432.4	434.1	435.6	1.5
Primary metal manufacturing	360.7	368.6	364.3	365.0	360.2	366.5	365.4	365.0	-0.4
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	1,412.5	1,448.6	1,443.8	1,444.0	1,417.5	1,449.4	1,450.9	1,449.8	-1.1
Machinery manufacturing	1,087.9	1,124.6	1,121.0	1,123.3	1,089.9	1,123.0	1,124.0	1,124.4	0.4
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	1,072.9	1,102.4	1,096.0	1,100.8	1,074.3	1,100.7	1,100.8	1,103.6	2.8
Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing	160.0	168.2	167.0	167.1	160.0	167.4	167.3	167.8	0.5
Communications equipment manufacturing	85.6	84.5	83.7	84.4	85.7	85.2	84.1	84.6	0.5
Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing	377.0	393.8	391.9	392.6	377.5	393.9	394.3	394.3	0.0
Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing	419.6	423.4	421.0	423.9	420.0	422.0	422.3	423.8	1.5
Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media and audio and video equipment manufacturing	30.7	32.5	32.4	32.8	31.1	32.3	32.8	33.1	0.3
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	397.9	403.9	405.1	403.7	399.0	405.2	406.7	406.6	-0.1
Transportation equipment manufacturing(1)	1,668.2	1,792.0	1,769.8	1,780.4	1,664.9	1,782.4	1,776.3	1,777.6	1.3
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	971.9	1,060.0	1,040.2	1,045.1	967.8	1,048.1	1,043.0	1,043.2	0.2
Furniture and related product manufacturing	382.3	374.7	369.8	369.3	382.0	373.2	372.5	369.7	-2.8
Miscellaneous manufacturing	621.0	634.4	631.4	631.9	625.1	634.3	635.7	635.1	-0.6
Nondurable goods	4,765	4,881	4,839	4,852	4,795	4,878	4,892	4,888	-4
Food manufacturing	1,664.6	1,725.4	1,709.2	1,715.1	1,675.7	1,717.3	1,726.2	1,725.1	-1.1
Textile mills	98.3	96.0	96.0	94.1	99.1	96.0	96.7	95.0	-1.7
Textile product mills	105.4	102.3	103.3	103.1	105.8	102.6	103.6	103.5	-0.1
Apparel manufacturing	93.4	92.6	92.2	92.9	93.5	91.9	93.7	92.4	-1.3
Paper manufacturing	360.5	359.0	356.8	356.0	361.5	358.7	357.3	356.2	-1.1
Printing and related support activities	373.8	385.5	377.7	378.9	377.2	381.5	381.3	382.1	0.8
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	100.9	102.0	100.2	101.6	104.5	104.0	104.4	105.4	1.0
Chemical manufacturing	890.6	915.2	909.9	915.7	890.3	916.1	914.7	917.2	2.5
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	747.5	755.4	750.2	748.1	745.9	754.7	755.8	751.1	-4.7
Beverage, tobacco, and leather and allied product manufacturing	330.2	347.8	343.2	346.6	341.7	355.3	358.4	360.3	1.9
Private service-providing	106,815	111,369	109,450	110,078	108,022	110,743	111,078	111,323	245
Trade, transportation, and utilities	28,294	29,506	28,749	28,635	28,561	28,767	28,824	28,862	38
Wholesale trade	5,847.2	6,032.5	5,989.0	6,009.6	5,882.0	6,028.8	6,037.7	6,048.8	11.1
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods	3,227.2	3,331.1	3,316.4	3,326.7	3,238.8	3,330.0	3,336.3	3,341.3	5.0
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods	2,119.1	2,175.6	2,151.1	2,157.2	2,138.8	2,174.6	2,176.3	2,179.3	3.0
Wholesale trade agents and brokers	500.9	525.8	521.5	525.7	504.4	524.2	525.1	528.2	3.1
Retail trade	15,351.8	15,868.1	15,454.3	15,406.7	15,564.1	15,477.8	15,511.7	15,561.8	50.1
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	1,976.4	2,019.7	2,003.7	2,009.7	1,992.6	2,026.1	2,027.2	2,026.7	-0.5
Automobile dealers	1,244.6	1,257.3	1,249.5	1,253.2	1,247.9	1,259.7	1,259.4	1,258.8	-0.6
Other motor vehicle dealers	166.4	172.7	168.7	170.5	174.3	178.6	179.0	178.4	-0.6
Automotive parts, accessories, and tire retailers	565.4	589.7	585.5	586.0	570.4	587.7	588.8	589.5	0.7
Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	1,388.9	1,386.9	1,357.3	1,361.8	1,426.8	1,416.4	1,411.6	1,408.6	-3.0
Food and beverage retailers	3,161.8	3,259.9	3,232.4	3,235.8	3,169.4	3,231.9	3,244.8	3,249.3	4.5
Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers	923.3	906.0	885.6	874.8	929.6	877.5	881.6	882.1	0.5
Furniture and home furnishings retailers	468.5	462.6	451.7	446.2	470.9	448.2	447.4	446.6	-0.8
Electronics and appliance retailers	454.8	443.4	433.9	428.6	454.2	426.7	427.9	427.4	-0.5
General merchandise retailers	3,179.5	3,269.2	3,114.6	3,121.6	3,240.6	3,068.4	3,079.0	3,118.2	39.2
Department stores	956.7	1,038.0	952.3	924.8	989.2	917.4	923.3	937.9	14.6
Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and other general merchandise retailers	2,222.8	2,231.2	2,162.3	2,196.8	2,251.4	2,151.0	2,155.7	2,180.2	24.5
Health and personal care retailers	1,110.7	1,139.7	1,118.9	1,108.6	1,111.9	1,114.1	1,109.0	1,110.8	1.8
Gasoline stations and fuel dealers	1,011.0	1,055.6	1,051.4	1,050.8	1,025.6	1,055.4	1,060.4	1,061.8	1.4
Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers	1,102.6	1,239.9	1,169.0	1,131.7	1,137.8	1,153.0	1,160.0	1,166.8	6.8
Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers	1,497.6	1,591.2	1,521.4	1,511.9	1,529.8	1,535.0	1,538.1	1,537.5	-0.6
Transportation and warehousing	6,546.1	7,049.5	6,754.3	6,670.0	6,563.3	6,704.9	6,721.2	6,699.7	-21.5
Air transportation	478.9	520.5	522.3	523.8	482.7	523.6	526.6	528.0	1.4
Rail transportation	145.2	148.7	148.6	148.6	145.8	148.8	149.1	148.9	-0.2
Water transportation	59.5	64.5	63.0	63.9	61.4	65.7	66.2	67.0	0.8
Truck transportation	1,542.0	1,611.0	1,586.4	1,575.8	1,564.9	1,607.1	1,608.4	1,599.9	-8.5
Transit and ground passenger transportation	415.7	444.0	443.0	444.7	405.0	428.7	436.5	433.5	-3.0
Pipeline transportation	50.6	48.1	47.3	47.9	51.1	47.9	48.0	48.4	0.4
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	24.0	27.5	23.6	23.7	29.7	31.2	30.6	30.6	0.0
Support activities for transportation	777.4	820.7	813.6	810.6	776.4	809.0	816.4	812.4	-4.0
Couriers and messengers	1,129.6	1,383.6	1,165.1	1,094.7	1,132.9	1,109.5	1,104.5	1,101.6	-2.9
Warehousing and storage	1,923.2	1,980.9	1,941.4	1,936.3	1,913.4	1,933.4	1,934.9	1,929.4	-5.5
Utilities	549.2	555.5	551.7	549.0	551.2	555.3	553.2	552.1	-1.1
Information	2,974	3,139	3,050	3,044	2,992	3,120	3,100	3,075	-25
Motion picture and sound recording industries	430.0	470.1	417.8	421.3	444.3	461.7	451.1	442.2	-8.9
Publishing industries	912.1	955.5	938.1	934.1	916.6	952.3	946.5	941.4	-5.1
Broadcasting and content providers	355.6	359.9	354.8	353.2	354.3	359.6	357.4	354.5	-2.9
Telecommunications	655.4	662.7	651.8	651.9	654.3	658.1	654.8	652.1	-2.7
Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services	445.7	490.0	485.7	484.1	445.6	486.7	487.1	483.1	-4.0
Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services	175.6	200.8	201.7	199.2	176.6	201.3	203.0	201.6	-1.4
Financial activities	8,931	9,132	9,049	9,047	8,982	9,101	9,106	9,105	-1
Finance and insurance	6,629.1	6,716.2	6,682.3	6,675.1	6,634.4	6,691.7	6,694.7	6,684.5	-10.2
Monetary authorities-central bank	21.1	21.8	21.7	21.9	21.1	21.8	21.9	22.0	0.1
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,705.8	2,684.9	2,678.0	2,672.9	2,705.3	2,681.3	2,679.5	2,672.8	-6.7
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,755.4	1,784.7	1,782.7	1,786.3	1,754.6	1,783.4	1,783.3	1,786.4	3.1
Commercial banking	1,366.4	1,376.9	1,376.1	1,379.8	1,364.6	1,376.6	1,376.0	1,377.3	1.3
Nondepository credit intermediation	613.8	579.5	576.9	569.8	615.2	577.6	578.5	571.7	-6.8
Activities related to credit intermediation	336.6	320.7	318.4	316.8	335.5	320.3	317.7	314.7	-3.0
Securities, commodity contracts, funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles, investments, and related activities	1,020.3	1,073.5	1,065.3	1,066.2	1,025.7	1,068.3	1,071.3	1,071.9	0.6
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,881.9	2,936.0	2,917.3	2,914.1	2,882.3	2,920.3	2,922.0	2,917.8	-4.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,302.3	2,416.1	2,366.4	2,371.9	2,347.4	2,409.2	2,410.9	2,420.3	9.4
Real estate	1,776.2	1,855.6	1,825.0	1,826.3	1,804.4	1,844.9	1,851.1	1,855.0	3.9
Rental and leasing services	504.4	537.7	519.5	523.5	520.9	541.8	537.4	542.8	5.4
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	21.7	22.8	21.9	22.1	22.1	22.5	22.4	22.5	0.1
Professional and business services	22,086	22,907	22,474	22,630	22,306	22,814	22,867	22,912	45
Professional, scientific, and technical services	10,332.2	10,750.7	10,697.0	10,773.7	10,302.6	10,713.5	10,741.2	10,760.7	19.5
Legal services	1,163.6	1,190.0	1,174.5	1,174.2	1,169.0	1,180.4	1,181.2	1,182.7	1.5
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services	1,157.3	1,130.5	1,164.8	1,213.1	1,072.8	1,131.7	1,137.2	1,136.7	-0.5
Architectural, engineering, and related services	1,557.8	1,645.5	1,629.6	1,631.4	1,578.5	1,644.7	1,650.3	1,654.9	4.6
Specialized design services	144.8	159.3	155.5	158.0	146.7	157.2	158.2	159.8	1.6
Computer systems design and related services	2,411.5	2,492.2	2,481.4	2,482.8	2,416.3	2,493.4	2,486.8	2,484.4	-2.4
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services	1,737.3	1,850.9	1,830.9	1,846.9	1,744.9	1,832.2	1,845.2	1,857.1	11.9
Scientific research and development services	864.4	914.5	910.3	917.3	870.9	913.9	917.7	921.4	3.7
Advertising, public relations, and related services	474.7	493.9	489.1	490.4	474.9	493.3	495.3	494.3	-1.0
Other professional, scientific, and technical services	820.8	873.9	860.9	859.6	828.6	866.7	869.4	869.5	0.1
Management of companies and enterprises	2,464.8	2,523.7	2,511.5	2,508.3	2,475.1	2,516.3	2,519.5	2,520.6	1.1
Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services	9,289.3	9,632.1	9,265.3	9,347.8	9,528.5	9,584.0	9,606.4	9,630.4	24.0
Administrative and support services	8,829.3	9,147.9	8,789.4	8,866.3	9,061.5	9,101.6	9,121.2	9,142.0	20.8
Office administrative services	569.4	610.0	606.6	612.9	574.5	612.8	615.0	619.1	4.1
Facilities support services	153.3	158.7	159.2	160.0	154.1	158.4	159.3	160.3	1.0
Employment services(1)	3,858.5	3,945.7	3,720.5	3,770.3	3,902.3	3,839.5	3,840.4	3,851.3	10.9
Temporary help services	3,112.0	3,147.1	2,944.4	2,998.0	3,148.7	3,037.9	3,053.2	3,060.0	6.8
Business support services	823.2	784.8	772.7	764.2	820.4	766.2	766.3	763.1	-3.2
Travel arrangement and reservation services	160.1	179.2	178.0	177.2	164.9	180.9	181.9	180.8	-1.1
Investigation and security services	936.8	979.2	967.9	966.1	942.1	970.9	979.2	975.5	-3.7
Services to buildings and dwellings	2,015.1	2,151.1	2,053.2	2,080.9	2,183.1	2,230.2	2,237.6	2,247.9	10.3
Other support services	312.9	339.2	331.3	334.7	320.2	342.8	341.5	344.1	2.6
Waste management and remediation services	460.0	484.2	475.9	481.5	467.0	482.4	485.2	488.4	3.2
Private education and health services	24,078	24,960	24,749	25,111	23,996	24,827	24,934	25,008	74
Private educational services	3,852.0	3,920.4	3,779.0	4,035.2	3,732.8	3,856.3	3,888.4	3,899.8	11.4
Health care and social assistance	20,225.9	21,039.2	20,970.1	21,076.1	20,263.5	20,970.2	21,045.8	21,108.6	62.8
Health care(3)	16,064.1	16,660.1	16,585.5	16,657.4	16,098.5	16,591.3	16,644.1	16,688.3	44.2
Ambulatory health care services	8,007.8	8,314.9	8,256.5	8,289.1	8,020.8	8,272.8	8,294.2	8,305.3	11.1
Offices of physicians	2,772.6	2,877.4	2,851.2	2,857.7	2,778.3	2,855.9	2,862.3	2,864.1	1.8
Offices of dentists	1,003.4	1,031.4	1,027.3	1,024.0	1,004.9	1,031.2	1,028.8	1,027.9	-0.9
Offices of other health practitioners	1,062.0	1,114.6	1,106.4	1,117.9	1,063.1	1,110.2	1,114.1	1,120.7	6.6
Outpatient care centers	1,019.0	1,058.2	1,058.1	1,059.2	1,019.1	1,053.0	1,060.2	1,059.4	-0.8
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	323.1	321.1	321.8	324.8	323.5	320.4	322.2	324.3	2.1
Home health care services	1,506.8	1,575.7	1,556.9	1,572.9	1,513.3	1,567.7	1,571.2	1,576.5	5.3
Other ambulatory health care services	320.9	336.5	334.8	332.6	318.7	334.4	335.3	332.4	-2.9
Hospitals	5,099.1	5,262.8	5,247.6	5,273.2	5,105.7	5,245.3	5,258.5	5,277.9	19.4
Nursing and residential care facilities	2,957.2	3,082.4	3,081.4	3,095.1	2,972.0	3,073.2	3,091.4	3,105.1	13.7
Skilled nursing care facilities	1,335.3	1,382.1	1,379.8	1,382.8	1,343.3	1,375.9	1,381.4	1,386.8	5.4
Residential intellectual and developmental disability, mental health, and substance abuse facilities	596.2	623.5	620.3	620.6	597.4	621.7	623.8	623.4	-0.4
Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly	874.5	923.0	926.6	936.5	880.0	921.2	930.7	940.3	9.6
Other residential care facilities	151.2	153.8	154.7	155.2	151.3	154.4	155.5	154.6	-0.9
Social assistance	4,161.8	4,379.1	4,384.6	4,418.7	4,165.0	4,378.9	4,401.7	4,420.3	18.6
Individual and family services	2,756.2	2,912.0	2,917.1	2,938.9	2,759.4	2,913.6	2,926.8	2,941.3	14.5
Community food and housing, and emergency and other relief services	199.7	211.1	211.2	212.6	199.3	208.9	210.9	210.6	-0.3
Vocational rehabilitation services	268.1	274.1	273.1	275.6	272.0	275.1	278.1	278.5	0.4
Child care services	937.8	981.9	983.2	991.6	934.3	981.3	985.8	990.0	4.2
Leisure and hospitality	14,864	15,947	15,638	15,844	15,536	16,316	16,430	16,535	105
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,013.6	2,241.7	2,142.5	2,191.9	2,241.8	2,397.8	2,408.2	2,429.6	21.4
Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries	433.2	487.5	446.0	474.8	476.9	513.4	513.5	520.5	7.0
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	139.4	161.8	152.3	153.8	153.1	164.8	166.0	167.5	1.5
Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries	1,441.0	1,592.4	1,544.2	1,563.3	1,611.8	1,719.6	1,728.7	1,741.6	12.9
Accommodation and food services	12,850.6	13,705.5	13,495.2	13,651.6	13,294.2	13,918.1	14,021.3	14,105.6	84.3
Accommodation	1,612.9	1,770.5	1,751.7	1,775.4	1,710.8	1,846.2	1,860.6	1,875.0	14.4
Food services and drinking places	11,237.7	11,935.0	11,743.5	11,876.2	11,583.4	12,071.9	12,160.7	12,230.6	69.9
Other services	5,588	5,778	5,741	5,767	5,649	5,798	5,817	5,826	9
Repair and maintenance	1,366.9	1,410.8	1,403.9	1,412.1	1,380.2	1,417.7	1,420.7	1,424.9	4.2
Personal and laundry services	1,435.7	1,520.9	1,508.9	1,513.2	1,454.2	1,521.6	1,532.5	1,531.8	-0.7
Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations	2,785.6	2,846.4	2,827.7	2,841.8	2,814.3	2,859.1	2,864.0	2,869.0	5.0
Government	22,268	22,598	22,324	22,721	22,082	22,331	22,449	22,495	46
Federal	2,860	2,890	2,871	2,884	2,874	2,874	2,881	2,888	7
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,251.4	2,277.9	2,271.6	2,280.0	2,266.8	2,278.8	2,283.2	2,287.4	4.2
U.S. Postal Service	608.5	611.7	599.2	604.1	607.5	595.5	597.5	600.9	3.4
State government	5,183	5,167	5,066	5,269	5,088	5,087	5,162	5,164	2
State government education	2,553.5	2,511.3	2,413.5	2,603.7	2,447.4	2,421.5	2,492.4	2,488.1	-4.3
State government, excluding education	2,629.1	2,655.5	2,652.8	2,665.1	2,640.7	2,665.8	2,669.5	2,676.3	6.8
Local government	14,225	14,541	14,387	14,568	14,120	14,370	14,406	14,443	37
Local government education	7,975.4	8,114.9	7,995.0	8,153.9	7,745.9	7,868.1	7,888.7	7,911.8	23.1
Local government, excluding education	6,249.1	6,426.5	6,391.6	6,414.2	6,373.6	6,501.6	6,517.3	6,531.3	14.0
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Feb. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023(p)	Feb. 2023(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.7	34.4	34.6	34.5
Goods-producing	40.3	39.7	40.2	40.0
Mining and logging	45.4	45.5	46.2	45.7
Construction	39.4	38.6	39.2	39.0
Manufacturing	40.7	40.1	40.5	40.3
Durable goods	41.0	40.6	41.0	40.9
Nondurable goods	40.1	39.4	39.8	39.4
Private service-providing	33.6	33.3	33.6	33.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.2	34.1	34.3	34.1
Wholesale trade	39.2	38.7	38.9	38.8
Retail trade	30.4	30.2	30.4	30.1
Transportation and warehousing	38.0	38.4	38.6	38.5
Utilities	42.2	41.8	41.9	42.1
Information	36.9	36.5	36.6	36.4
Financial activities	37.5	37.4	37.4	37.3
Professional and business services	36.8	36.4	36.6	36.6
Private education and health services	33.5	33.3	33.5	33.4
Leisure and hospitality	25.9	25.3	25.8	25.5
Other services	32.2	32.3	32.3	32.3
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.6	2.9	3.1	3.0
Durable goods	3.6	3.1	3.1	3.1
Nondurable goods	3.5	2.7	3.0	2.8
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Feb. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023(p)	Feb. 2023(p)	Feb. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023(p)	Feb. 2023(p)
Total private	$31.63	$32.92	$33.01	$33.09	$1,097.56	$1,132.45	$1,142.15	$1,141.61
Goods-producing	31.89	33.11	33.25	33.28	1,285.17	1,314.47	1,336.65	1,331.20
Mining and logging	35.55	36.64	36.76	36.87	1,613.97	1,667.12	1,698.31	1,684.96
Construction	33.97	35.60	35.67	35.76	1,338.42	1,374.16	1,398.26	1,394.64
Manufacturing	30.48	31.47	31.63	31.62	1,240.54	1,261.95	1,281.02	1,274.29
Durable goods	31.97	32.96	33.14	33.16	1,310.77	1,338.18	1,358.74	1,356.24
Nondurable goods	27.99	28.92	29.06	28.98	1,122.40	1,139.45	1,156.59	1,141.81
Private service-providing	31.57	32.88	32.96	33.04	1,060.75	1,094.90	1,107.46	1,103.54
Trade, transportation, and utilities	27.26	28.23	28.39	28.55	932.29	962.64	973.78	973.56
Wholesale trade	34.66	35.87	36.29	36.16	1,358.67	1,388.17	1,411.68	1,403.01
Retail trade	22.67	23.45	23.54	23.81	689.17	708.19	715.62	716.68
Transportation and warehousing	27.37	28.17	28.24	28.40	1,040.06	1,081.73	1,090.06	1,093.40
Utilities	46.25	48.44	48.74	48.84	1,951.75	2,024.79	2,042.21	2,056.16
Information	45.55	47.74	47.77	48.05	1,680.80	1,742.51	1,748.38	1,749.02
Financial activities	40.75	42.42	42.47	42.65	1,528.13	1,586.51	1,588.38	1,590.85
Professional and business services	37.95	39.53	39.70	39.76	1,396.56	1,438.89	1,453.02	1,455.22
Private education and health services	31.29	32.58	32.68	32.63	1,048.22	1,084.91	1,094.78	1,089.84
Leisure and hospitality	19.49	20.78	20.77	20.83	504.79	525.73	535.87	531.17
Other services	28.34	29.37	29.50	29.51	912.55	948.65	952.85	953.17
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	Feb. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023(p)	Feb. 2023(p)	Percent change from: Jan. 2023 - Feb. 2023(p)	Feb. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023(p)	Feb. 2023(p)	Percent change from: Jan. 2023 - Feb. 2023(p)
Total private	112.3	114.2	115.2	115.1	-0.1	169.8	179.7	181.8	182.0	0.1
Goods-producing	96.0	97.1	98.5	98.1	-0.4	138.4	145.3	148.1	147.6	-0.3
Mining and logging	83.2	89.8	91.6	90.6	-1.1	118.7	132.1	135.2	134.1	-0.8
Construction	104.2	104.6	106.7	106.4	-0.3	153.7	161.8	165.3	165.4	0.1
Manufacturing	92.7	93.6	94.6	94.1	-0.5	131.3	137.0	139.2	138.4	-0.6
Durable goods	90.7	92.5	93.4	93.2	-0.2	128.8	135.5	137.5	137.3	-0.1
Nondurable goods	96.0	95.9	97.2	96.1	-1.1	136.3	140.8	143.3	141.4	-1.3
Private service-providing	116.8	118.7	120.2	119.7	-0.4	179.3	189.7	192.5	192.2	-0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	106.7	107.2	108.0	107.5	-0.5	156.9	163.2	165.4	165.6	0.1
Wholesale trade	101.7	102.9	103.6	103.5	-0.1	147.5	154.4	157.3	156.6	-0.4
Retail trade	96.3	95.1	96.0	95.3	-0.7	144.4	147.5	149.4	150.1	0.5
Transportation and warehousing	143.3	147.9	149.1	148.2	-0.6	199.5	212.0	214.2	214.1	0.0
Utilities	100.6	100.4	100.3	100.6	0.3	153.8	160.7	161.5	162.3	0.5
Information	100.9	104.0	103.6	102.2	-1.4	163.6	176.8	176.3	174.9	-0.8
Financial activities	110.3	111.5	111.6	111.3	-0.3	175.4	184.5	184.8	185.1	0.2
Professional and business services	128.4	129.9	130.9	131.2	0.2	197.4	208.0	210.6	211.3	0.3
Private education and health services	131.3	135.0	136.4	136.4	0.0	197.6	211.6	214.4	214.1	-0.1
Leisure and hospitality	114.8	117.8	120.9	120.3	-0.5	180.5	197.5	202.7	202.2	-0.2
Other services	104.9	108.0	108.3	108.5	0.2	162.9	173.8	175.2	175.5	0.2
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	Feb. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023(p)	Feb. 2023(p)	Feb. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023(p)	Feb. 2023(p)
Total nonfarm	74,996	76,965	77,209	77,362	49.7	49.8	49.8	49.8
Total private	62,197	63,943	64,128	64,251	48.2	48.4	48.4	48.4
Goods-producing	4,783	4,965	4,970	4,980	22.9	23.1	23.1	23.1
Mining and logging	75	81	82	82	12.9	12.9	13.0	13.0
Construction	1,076	1,111	1,115	1,119	14.0	14.1	14.1	14.1
Manufacturing	3,632	3,773	3,773	3,779	28.7	29.1	29.1	29.1
Durable goods	1,920	2,018	2,017	2,020	24.4	24.9	24.9	25.0
Nondurable goods	1,712	1,755	1,756	1,759	35.7	36.0	35.9	36.0
Private service-providing	57,414	58,978	59,158	59,271	53.2	53.3	53.3	53.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	11,236	11,327	11,346	11,373	39.3	39.4	39.4	39.4
Wholesale trade	1,784.3	1,845.6	1,849.5	1,858.5	30.3	30.6	30.6	30.7
Retail trade	7,548.8	7,514.4	7,521.0	7,530.7	48.5	48.5	48.5	48.4
Transportation and warehousing	1,765.1	1,823.3	1,830.5	1,838.8	26.9	27.2	27.2	27.4
Utilities	137.9	144.0	144.5	144.5	25.0	25.9	26.1	26.2
Information	1,174	1,265	1,262	1,251	39.2	40.5	40.7	40.7
Financial activities	5,012	5,071	5,075	5,064	55.8	55.7	55.7	55.6
Professional and business services	10,344	10,502	10,547	10,586	46.4	46.0	46.1	46.2
Private education and health services	18,424	19,106	19,157	19,195	76.8	77.0	76.8	76.8
Leisure and hospitality	8,200	8,599	8,651	8,677	52.8	52.7	52.7	52.5
Other services	3,024	3,108	3,120	3,125	53.5	53.6	53.6	53.6
Government	12,799	13,022	13,081	13,111	58.0	58.3	58.3	58.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]

Industry	Feb. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023(p)	Feb. 2023(p)
Total private	105,064	107,475	107,851	108,046
Goods-producing	14,939	15,393	15,437	15,440
Mining and logging	442	471	477	477
Construction	5,644	5,798	5,824	5,824
Manufacturing	8,853	9,124	9,136	9,139
Durable goods	5,426	5,624	5,627	5,634
Nondurable goods	3,427	3,500	3,509	3,505
Private service-providing	90,125	92,082	92,414	92,606
Trade, transportation, and utilities	24,169	24,212	24,279	24,358
Wholesale trade	4,687.5	4,793.8	4,798.6	4,811.7
Retail trade	13,258.1	13,148.2	13,189.1	13,243.4
Transportation and warehousing	5,784.7	5,828.6	5,850.5	5,864.0
Utilities	438.4	441.4	440.3	438.8
Information	2,376	2,484	2,465	2,449
Financial activities	6,766	6,845	6,858	6,864
Professional and business services	17,882	18,140	18,162	18,180
Private education and health services	20,903	21,594	21,708	21,776
Leisure and hospitality	13,447	14,088	14,210	14,239
Other services	4,582	4,719	4,732	4,740
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Feb. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023(p)	Feb. 2023(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.2	33.8	34.1	33.9
Goods-producing	41.2	40.3	40.7	40.6
Mining and logging	47.0	46.7	47.6	46.8
Construction	40.2	39.3	39.9	39.9
Manufacturing	41.5	40.6	40.9	40.7
Durable goods	41.7	40.9	41.1	41.1
Nondurable goods	41.2	40.0	40.4	40.0
Private service-providing	33.0	32.8	33.0	32.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.3	34.0	34.4	34.1
Wholesale trade	39.3	38.7	38.9	38.8
Retail trade	30.7	30.2	30.8	30.5
Transportation and warehousing	37.8	38.0	38.3	37.9
Utilities	42.0	42.7	42.7	43.0
Information	36.8	36.0	36.1	36.1
Financial activities	37.4	37.1	37.2	37.3
Professional and business services	36.4	36.3	36.4	36.3
Private education and health services	32.6	32.5	32.7	32.6
Leisure and hospitality	24.8	24.4	24.6	24.2
Other services	31.2	31.3	31.3	31.4
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	4.5	3.6	3.8	3.7
Durable goods	4.6	3.7	3.8	3.8
Nondurable goods	4.3	3.4	3.7	3.5
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Feb. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023(p)	Feb. 2023(p)	Feb. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023(p)	Feb. 2023(p)
Total private	$26.98	$28.21	$28.29	$28.42	$922.72	$953.50	$964.69	$963.44
Goods-producing	27.42	28.72	28.91	28.95	1,129.70	1,157.42	1,176.64	1,175.37
Mining and logging	31.97	33.41	33.39	33.14	1,502.59	1,560.25	1,589.36	1,550.95
Construction	31.63	33.22	33.42	33.57	1,271.53	1,305.55	1,333.46	1,339.44
Manufacturing	24.56	25.67	25.83	25.80	1,019.24	1,042.20	1,056.45	1,050.06
Durable goods	25.64	26.85	26.95	26.98	1,069.19	1,098.17	1,107.65	1,108.88
Nondurable goods	22.83	23.73	23.99	23.86	940.60	949.20	969.20	954.40
Private service-providing	26.88	28.10	28.17	28.31	887.04	921.68	929.61	928.57
Trade, transportation, and utilities	23.49	24.53	24.64	24.79	805.71	834.02	847.62	845.34
Wholesale trade	28.70	29.93	30.00	30.03	1,127.91	1,158.29	1,167.00	1,165.16
Retail trade	19.40	20.09	20.23	20.34	595.58	606.72	623.08	620.37
Transportation and warehousing	25.25	26.38	26.60	26.87	954.45	1,002.44	1,018.78	1,018.37
Utilities	40.95	43.38	43.35	43.52	1,719.90	1,852.33	1,851.05	1,871.36
Information	37.27	38.81	38.94	39.17	1,371.54	1,397.16	1,405.73	1,414.04
Financial activities	31.35	32.91	32.93	33.28	1,172.49	1,220.96	1,225.00	1,241.34
Professional and business services	31.96	33.31	33.46	33.62	1,163.34	1,209.15	1,217.94	1,220.41
Private education and health services	28.40	29.65	29.76	29.76	925.84	963.63	973.15	970.18
Leisure and hospitality	17.23	18.39	18.32	18.42	427.30	448.72	450.67	445.76
Other services	24.48	25.30	25.35	25.40	763.78	791.89	793.46	797.56
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	Feb. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023(p)	Feb. 2023(p)	Percent change from: Jan. 2023 - Feb. 2023(p)	Feb. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023(p)	Feb. 2023(p)	Percent change from: Jan. 2023 - Feb. 2023(p)
Total private	119.7	121.1	122.6	122.1	-0.4	215.9	228.2	231.7	231.8	0.0
Goods-producing	94.1	94.8	96.0	95.8	-0.2	157.9	166.7	170.0	169.8	-0.1
Mining and logging	110.4	116.9	120.7	118.6	-1.7	205.3	227.1	234.3	228.6	-2.4
Construction	113.6	114.1	116.4	116.4	0.0	194.0	204.7	210.0	210.9	0.4
Manufacturing	84.3	85.0	85.8	85.4	-0.5	135.5	142.8	144.9	144.1	-0.6
Durable goods	85.0	86.4	86.9	87.0	0.1	136.1	144.8	146.2	146.5	0.2
Nondurable goods	83.2	82.5	83.5	82.6	-1.1	134.2	138.3	141.6	139.3	-1.6
Private service-providing	126.7	128.7	129.9	129.4	-0.4	233.6	248.0	251.1	251.3	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	116.0	115.2	116.9	116.3	-0.5	194.8	202.0	205.9	206.0	0.0
Wholesale trade	109.3	110.1	110.8	110.8	0.0	185.2	194.5	196.2	196.4	0.1
Retail trade	103.2	100.7	103.0	102.4	-0.6	171.7	173.4	178.7	178.6	-0.1
Transportation and warehousing	165.5	167.6	169.6	168.2	-0.8	266.0	281.5	287.1	287.7	0.2
Utilities	94.2	96.4	96.1	96.5	0.4	161.0	174.5	174.0	175.3	0.7
Information	99.8	102.1	101.6	100.9	-0.7	184.1	196.1	195.8	195.7	-0.1
Financial activities	119.1	119.5	120.1	120.5	0.3	229.7	242.0	243.3	246.7	1.4
Professional and business services	145.3	147.0	147.6	147.3	-0.2	276.2	291.2	293.7	294.6	0.3
Private education and health services	145.3	149.6	151.3	151.4	0.1	272.3	292.8	297.3	297.3	0.0
Leisure and hospitality	122.2	125.9	128.0	126.2	-1.4	239.0	263.0	266.4	264.0	-0.9
Other services	100.3	103.6	103.9	104.4	0.5	178.8	191.0	191.9	193.2	0.7
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.