Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until	               USDL-23-1689
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, August 4, 2023

Technical information: 
 Household data:     (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data: (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:	     (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                     THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- JULY 2023


Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 187,000 in July, and the unemployment rate 
changed little at 3.5 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. 
Job gains occurred in health care, social assistance, financial activities, and 
wholesale trade.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household 
survey measures labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic 
characteristics. The establishment survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, 
and earnings by industry. For more information about the concepts and statistical 
methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

Both the unemployment rate, at 3.5 percent, and the number of unemployed persons,
at 5.8 million, changed little in July. The unemployment rate has ranged from 3.4 
percent to 3.7 percent since March 2022. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for Asians declined to 2.3 
percent in July. The jobless rates for adult men (3.3 percent), adult women (3.1 percent), 
teenagers (11.3 percent), Whites (3.1 percent), Blacks (5.8 percent), and Hispanics 
(4.4 percent) showed little or no change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

Among the unemployed, the number of persons on temporary layoff decreased by 175,000 
to 667,000 in July. The number of permanent job losers changed little at 1.4 million.
(See table A-11.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little 
changed at 1.2 million in July and accounted for 19.9 percent of all unemployed persons.
(See table A-12.)

The labor force participation rate was 62.6 percent for the fifth consecutive month.
The employment-population ratio, at 60.4 percent, remained little changed in July. 
(See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons, at 4.0 million, changed 
little in July. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were 
working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find 
full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)

The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job was 5.2 million
in July, little changed from the prior month. These individuals were not counted as 
unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding
the survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally
attached to the labor force was essentially unchanged at 1.4 million in July. These 
individuals wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in 
the prior 12 months but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. 
The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed
that no jobs were available for them, changed little at 335,000 in July. 
(See Summary table A.) 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 187,000 in July, less than the average monthly
gain of 312,000 over the prior 12 months. In July, job gains occurred in health care, 
social assistance, financial activities, and wholesale trade. (See table B-1.)

In July, health care added 63,000 jobs, compared with the average monthly gain of 
51,000 in the prior 12 months. Over the month, job growth occurred in ambulatory health 
care services (+35,000), hospitals (+16,000), and nursing and residential care facilities
(+12,000).

Social assistance added 24,000 jobs in July, in line with the average monthly gain of 
23,000 in the prior 12 months. Individual and family services added 19,000 jobs over 
the month.

Employment in financial activities increased by 19,000 in July. The industry had added 
an average of 16,000 jobs per month in the second quarter of the year, after employment
was essentially flat in the first quarter. Over the month, a job gain in real estate and
rental and leasing (+12,000) was partially offset by a loss in commercial banking (-3,000).

In July, employment in wholesale trade increased by 18,000, after showing little net 
change in recent months. 

Employment in the other services industry continued to trend up in July (+20,000), compared
with the average monthly gain of 15,000 over the prior 12 months. Employment in personal
and laundry services continued to trend up over the month (+11,000). Employment in other 
services remains below its pre-pandemic February 2020 level by 53,000, or 0.9 percent.

Construction employment continued to trend up in July (+19,000), in line with the average
monthly gain of 17,000 in the prior 12 months. Over the month, job growth occurred in
residential specialty trade contractors (+13,000) and in nonresidential building construction
(+11,000).

In July, employment in leisure and hospitality was little changed (+17,000). The industry 
has shown little employment change in recent months, following average monthly gains of 
67,000 in the first quarter of the year. Employment in leisure and hospitality remains 
below its February 2020 level by 352,000, or 2.1 percent.

Employment in professional and business services changed little in July (-8,000). Monthly job
growth in the industry had averaged 38,000 in the prior 12 months. Employment in temporary help
services continued to trend down over the month (-22,000) and is down by 205,000 since its peak
in March 2022. Employment in professional, scientific, and technical services continued to trend
up in July (+24,000). 

Employment showed little change over the month in other major industries, including mining, 
quarrying, and oil and gas extraction; manufacturing; retail trade; transportation and 
warehousing; information; and government.
	
In July, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 14 cents,
or 0.4 percent, to $33.74. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by
4.4 percent. In July, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory 
employees rose by 13 cents, or 0.5 percent, to $28.96. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour 
to 34.3 hours in July. In manufacturing, the average workweek remained unchanged at 40.1 hours,
and overtime was unchanged at 3.0 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory
employees on private nonfarm payrolls remained at 33.8 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for May was revised down by 25,000, from +306,000 
to +281,000, and the change for June was revised down by 24,000, from +209,000 to +185,000. With 
these revisions, employment in May and June combined is 49,000 lower than previously reported. 
(Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies
since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)

____________
The Employment Situation for August is scheduled to be released on Friday, September 1, 2023, 
at 8:30 a.m. (ET).



 _______________________________________________________________________________________
|											|
|	2023 Preliminary Benchmark Revision to Establishment Survey Data                |
|                       to be Released on August 23, 2023		                |
|											|
| Each year, the establishment survey estimates are benchmarked to comprehensive counts | 
| of employment from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) for the month 	|
| of March. These counts are derived from state unemployment insurance (UI) tax records	|
| that nearly all employers are required to file. At 10:00 a.m. (ET) on August 23, 2023,| 
| the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) will release the preliminary estimate of the 	|
| upcoming annual benchmark revision to the establishment survey data. This is the same | 
| day that the first-quarter 2023 data from QCEW will be issued. Preliminary benchmark 	|
| revisions for all major industry sectors, as well as total nonfarm and total private  |
| employment, will be available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesprelbmk.htm.	        |
|											|
| The final benchmark revision will be issued with the publication of the January 2024  |
| Employment Situation news release in February 2024.					|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________|

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	July 2022	May 2023	June 2023	July 2023	Change from: June 2023- July 2023
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	264,012	266,618	266,801	267,002	201
Civilian labor force	163,990	166,818	166,951	167,103	152
Participation rate	62.1	62.6	62.6	62.6	0.0
Employed	158,272	160,721	160,994	161,262	268
Employment-population ratio	59.9	60.3	60.3	60.4	0.1
Unemployed	5,718	6,097	5,957	5,841	-116
Unemployment rate	3.5	3.7	3.6	3.5	-0.1
Not in labor force	100,021	99,800	99,850	99,899	49
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	3.5	3.7	3.6	3.5	-0.1
Adult men (20 years and over)	3.2	3.5	3.4	3.3	-0.1
Adult women (20 years and over)	3.1	3.3	3.1	3.1	0.0
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	11.4	10.3	11.0	11.3	0.3
White	3.1	3.3	3.1	3.1	0.0
Black or African American	6.0	5.6	6.0	5.8	-0.2
Asian	2.6	2.9	3.2	2.3	-0.9
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	4.0	4.0	4.3	4.4	0.1
Total, 25 years and over	2.8	3.0	3.0	2.8	-0.2
Less than a high school diploma	5.8	5.7	6.0	5.2	-0.8
High school graduates, no college	3.6	3.9	3.9	3.4	-0.5
Some college or associate degree	2.9	3.2	3.1	3.1	0.0
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.0	2.1	2.0	2.0	0.0
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2,616	2,960	2,900	2,620	-280
Job leavers	843	765	794	852	58
Reentrants	1,822	1,821	1,745	1,853	108
New entrants	465	508	558	503	-55
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,086	2,083	2,068	2,004	-64
5 to 14 weeks	1,769	1,865	1,889	1,698	-191
15 to 26 weeks	734	858	917	997	80
27 weeks and over	1,093	1,188	1,105	1,164	59
Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	3,925	3,739	4,191	4,000	-191
Slack work or business conditions	2,699	2,582	2,890	2,717	-173
Could only find part-time work	911	824	948	1,014	66
Part time for noneconomic reasons	21,143	21,864	21,267	21,971	704
Persons not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,542	1,508	1,435	1,398	-37
Discouraged workers	426	422	310	335	25
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	July 2022	May 2023	June 2023(p)	July 2023(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	568	281	185	187
Total private	493	255	128	172
Goods-producing	71	24	31	18
Mining and logging	6	3	-1	1
Construction	24	25	26	19
Manufacturing	41	-4	6	-2
Durable goods(1)	33	3	16	8
Motor vehicles and parts	5.9	5.3	5.0	-2.2
Nondurable goods	8	-7	-10	-10
Private service-providing	422	231	97	154
Wholesale trade	16.0	7.7	-8.2	17.9
Retail trade	9.4	20.9	-14.1	8.5
Transportation and warehousing	19.4	18.6	-8.7	-8.4
Utilities	1.3	0.7	0.6	-0.2
Information	13	-4	-5	-12
Financial activities	14	13	9	19
Professional and business services(1)	77	45	23	-8
Temporary help services	1.6	-6.8	-20.2	-22.1
Private education and health services(1)	127	88	71	100
Health care and social assistance	101.8	73.1	71.3	87.1
Leisure and hospitality	113	28	19	17
Other services	32	13	11	20
Government	75	26	57	15
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	434	238	228	218
Total private	406	197	187	185
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.8	49.8	49.8	49.9
Total private women employees	48.4	48.4	48.4	48.4
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	81.5	81.4	81.4	81.5
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.6	34.3	34.4	34.3
Average hourly earnings	$32.33	$33.45	$33.60	$33.74
Average weekly earnings	$1,118.62	$1,147.34	$1,155.84	$1,157.28
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	113.6	114.8	115.3	115.1
Over-the-month percent change	0.4	-0.1	0.4	-0.2
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	175.6	183.6	185.2	185.6
Over-the-month percent change	0.9	0.2	0.9	0.2
DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (250 industries)	72.2	57.4	58.8	57.2
Manufacturing (72 industries)	67.4	45.1	59.7	53.5
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 130,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 600,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on 
   payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
   employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
   period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
   counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
   are paid, please visit www.bls.gov/ces/publications/length-pay-period.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 122,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 666,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2022 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 130,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-80,000 to +180,000 (50,000 +/- 130,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from -0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1
to access telecommunications relay services.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	July 2022	June 2023	July 2023	July 2022	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023	July 2023
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	264,012	266,801	267,002	264,012	266,272	266,443	266,618	266,801	267,002
Civilian labor force	165,321	167,910	168,354	163,990	166,731	166,688	166,818	166,951	167,103
Participation rate	62.6	62.9	63.1	62.1	62.6	62.6	62.6	62.6	62.6
Employed	159,067	161,559	161,982	158,272	160,892	161,031	160,721	160,994	161,262
Employment-population ratio	60.2	60.6	60.7	59.9	60.4	60.4	60.3	60.3	60.4
Unemployed	6,255	6,351	6,372	5,718	5,839	5,657	6,097	5,957	5,841
Unemployment rate	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.5	3.5	3.4	3.7	3.6	3.5
Not in labor force	98,690	98,891	98,649	100,021	99,541	99,755	99,800	99,850	99,899
Persons who currently want a job	6,224	5,846	5,578	5,887	4,925	5,271	5,477	5,389	5,247
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	128,636	130,408	130,507	128,636	130,150	130,234	130,319	130,408	130,507
Civilian labor force	88,052	89,503	89,647	86,984	88,999	88,686	88,704	88,836	88,695
Participation rate	68.5	68.6	68.7	67.6	68.4	68.1	68.1	68.1	68.0
Employed	84,953	86,140	86,417	83,912	85,776	85,611	85,410	85,547	85,492
Employment-population ratio	66.0	66.1	66.2	65.2	65.9	65.7	65.5	65.6	65.5
Unemployed	3,098	3,363	3,231	3,072	3,223	3,075	3,294	3,289	3,203
Unemployment rate	3.5	3.8	3.6	3.5	3.6	3.5	3.7	3.7	3.6
Not in labor force	40,584	40,905	40,859	41,652	41,151	41,548	41,616	41,572	41,811
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	119,977	121,646	121,735	119,977	121,415	121,488	121,565	121,646	121,735
Civilian labor force	84,270	85,895	86,062	83,905	85,696	85,439	85,487	85,774	85,739
Participation rate	70.2	70.6	70.7	69.9	70.6	70.3	70.3	70.5	70.4
Employed	81,610	83,068	83,320	81,185	82,816	82,661	82,526	82,868	82,922
Employment-population ratio	68.0	68.3	68.4	67.7	68.2	68.0	67.9	68.1	68.1
Unemployed	2,660	2,827	2,743	2,720	2,880	2,778	2,961	2,906	2,817
Unemployment rate	3.2	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.4	3.3	3.5	3.4	3.3
Not in labor force	35,707	35,750	35,673	36,072	35,718	36,049	36,078	35,871	35,997
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	135,376	136,393	136,496	135,376	136,122	136,209	136,299	136,393	136,496
Civilian labor force	77,270	78,407	78,706	77,006	77,732	78,002	78,114	78,115	78,408
Participation rate	57.1	57.5	57.7	56.9	57.1	57.3	57.3	57.3	57.4
Employed	74,114	75,419	75,565	74,360	75,115	75,420	75,311	75,448	75,769
Employment-population ratio	54.7	55.3	55.4	54.9	55.2	55.4	55.3	55.3	55.5
Unemployed	3,156	2,987	3,141	2,646	2,617	2,582	2,803	2,668	2,638
Unemployment rate	4.1	3.8	4.0	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.6	3.4	3.4
Not in labor force	58,106	57,986	57,790	58,370	58,390	58,207	58,185	58,277	58,088
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	126,951	127,932	128,028	126,951	127,684	127,761	127,845	127,932	128,028
Civilian labor force	73,607	74,722	74,856	73,956	74,612	74,868	75,005	74,927	75,205
Participation rate	58.0	58.4	58.5	58.3	58.4	58.6	58.7	58.6	58.7
Employed	70,900	72,171	72,120	71,659	72,284	72,575	72,518	72,567	72,877
Employment-population ratio	55.8	56.4	56.3	56.4	56.6	56.8	56.7	56.7	56.9
Unemployed	2,708	2,551	2,737	2,297	2,328	2,293	2,486	2,360	2,328
Unemployment rate	3.7	3.4	3.7	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.3	3.1	3.1
Not in labor force	53,344	53,210	53,171	52,995	53,072	52,893	52,840	53,005	52,822
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,084	17,223	17,239	17,084	17,173	17,194	17,208	17,223	17,239
Civilian labor force	7,444	7,293	7,435	6,129	6,423	6,382	6,326	6,250	6,159
Participation rate	43.6	42.3	43.1	35.9	37.4	37.1	36.8	36.3	35.7
Employed	6,557	6,320	6,542	5,428	5,792	5,796	5,676	5,559	5,462
Employment-population ratio	38.4	36.7	38.0	31.8	33.7	33.7	33.0	32.3	31.7
Unemployed	887	973	893	701	631	586	650	691	696
Unemployment rate	11.9	13.3	12.0	11.4	9.8	9.2	10.3	11.0	11.3
Not in labor force	9,640	9,931	9,804	10,955	10,750	10,813	10,882	10,973	11,080
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	July 2022	June 2023	July 2023	July 2022	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023	July 2023
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	203,229	204,433	204,536	203,229	204,186	204,261	204,345	204,433	204,536
Civilian labor force	126,611	127,942	128,184	125,736	126,933	127,174	127,273	127,306	127,329
Participation rate	62.3	62.6	62.7	61.9	62.2	62.3	62.3	62.3	62.3
Employed	122,376	123,760	123,917	121,851	122,831	123,224	123,112	123,389	123,393
Employment-population ratio	60.2	60.5	60.6	60.0	60.2	60.3	60.2	60.4	60.3
Unemployed	4,235	4,182	4,267	3,885	4,102	3,950	4,161	3,917	3,936
Unemployment rate	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.1	3.2	3.1	3.3	3.1	3.1
Not in labor force	76,618	76,491	76,352	77,493	77,253	77,087	77,072	77,127	77,207
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	65,662	66,596	66,599	65,458	66,304	66,299	66,433	66,543	66,414
Participation rate	70.0	70.4	70.3	69.8	70.2	70.1	70.2	70.3	70.2
Employed	63,763	64,668	64,674	63,500	64,287	64,363	64,343	64,545	64,423
Employment-population ratio	68.0	68.3	68.3	67.7	68.0	68.1	68.0	68.2	68.0
Unemployed	1,899	1,928	1,925	1,958	2,018	1,936	2,089	1,998	1,991
Unemployment rate	2.9	2.9	2.9	3.0	3.0	2.9	3.1	3.0	3.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	55,243	55,784	55,899	55,543	55,656	55,882	55,950	55,994	56,188
Participation rate	57.0	57.3	57.4	57.3	57.3	57.5	57.5	57.6	57.7
Employed	53,489	54,176	54,099	54,095	53,994	54,304	54,323	54,536	54,690
Employment-population ratio	55.2	55.7	55.6	55.8	55.6	55.9	55.9	56.1	56.2
Unemployed	1,754	1,608	1,800	1,448	1,661	1,578	1,627	1,458	1,498
Unemployment rate	3.2	2.9	3.2	2.6	3.0	2.8	2.9	2.6	2.7
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	5,706	5,562	5,686	4,735	4,973	4,993	4,890	4,769	4,727
Participation rate	45.7	44.4	45.4	37.9	39.8	39.9	39.1	38.1	37.8
Employed	5,124	4,916	5,145	4,256	4,550	4,557	4,445	4,308	4,281
Employment-population ratio	41.0	39.3	41.1	34.1	36.4	36.4	35.5	34.4	34.2
Unemployed	582	646	542	480	423	436	445	461	447
Unemployment rate	10.2	11.6	9.5	10.1	8.5	8.7	9.1	9.7	9.5
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	34,138	34,644	34,678	34,138	34,550	34,583	34,613	34,644	34,678
Civilian labor force	21,418	21,886	21,993	21,174	22,152	21,790	21,874	21,695	21,751
Participation rate	62.7	63.2	63.4	62.0	64.1	63.0	63.2	62.6	62.7
Employed	20,027	20,495	20,596	19,900	21,037	20,766	20,641	20,402	20,496
Employment-population ratio	58.7	59.2	59.4	58.3	60.9	60.0	59.6	58.9	59.1
Unemployed	1,391	1,392	1,396	1,274	1,114	1,025	1,234	1,292	1,255
Unemployment rate	6.5	6.4	6.3	6.0	5.0	4.7	5.6	6.0	5.8
Not in labor force	12,720	12,757	12,686	12,964	12,399	12,793	12,738	12,949	12,927
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	9,853	10,128	10,197	9,766	10,400	10,005	10,084	10,053	10,114
Participation rate	67.9	68.5	68.9	67.3	70.5	67.8	68.2	68.0	68.3
Employed	9,297	9,547	9,656	9,213	9,860	9,556	9,519	9,465	9,576
Employment-population ratio	64.1	64.5	65.2	63.5	66.8	64.7	64.4	64.0	64.7
Unemployed	556	581	542	553	539	449	565	588	538
Unemployment rate	5.6	5.7	5.3	5.7	5.2	4.5	5.6	5.9	5.3
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,664	10,881	10,905	10,683	10,986	11,054	11,051	10,886	10,922
Participation rate	62.2	62.8	62.9	62.3	63.6	63.9	63.9	62.9	63.0
Employed	10,032	10,260	10,265	10,110	10,522	10,573	10,469	10,300	10,353
Employment-population ratio	58.5	59.2	59.2	59.0	60.9	61.1	60.5	59.5	59.7
Unemployed	632	621	640	573	464	481	582	586	569
Unemployment rate	5.9	5.7	5.9	5.4	4.2	4.4	5.3	5.4	5.2
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	901	877	890	726	766	732	740	756	715
Participation rate	36.3	34.6	35.1	29.2	30.4	29.0	29.2	29.8	28.2
Employed	698	688	676	577	655	637	653	638	568
Employment-population ratio	28.1	27.1	26.6	23.3	26.0	25.2	25.8	25.1	22.3
Unemployed	203	189	215	148	111	95	87	118	148
Unemployment rate	22.6	21.6	24.1	20.4	14.5	12.9	11.7	15.6	20.7
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,920	17,491	17,600	16,920	17,545	17,557	17,511	17,491	17,600
Civilian labor force	11,050	11,495	11,636	10,976	11,390	11,396	11,408	11,435	11,556
Participation rate	65.3	65.7	66.1	64.9	64.9	64.9	65.1	65.4	65.7
Employed	10,731	11,104	11,343	10,691	11,067	11,073	11,073	11,073	11,288
Employment-population ratio	63.4	63.5	64.4	63.2	63.1	63.1	63.2	63.3	64.1
Unemployed	319	391	294	285	323	323	335	363	267
Unemployment rate	2.9	3.4	2.5	2.6	2.8	2.8	2.9	3.2	2.3
Not in labor force	5,870	5,997	5,964	5,944	6,154	6,162	6,104	6,056	6,044
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	July 2022	June 2023	July 2023	July 2022	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023	July 2023
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	46,200	47,473	47,569	46,200	47,194	47,288	47,380	47,473	47,569
Civilian labor force	30,455	32,063	32,116	30,390	31,517	31,589	31,690	31,943	32,052
Participation rate	65.9	67.5	67.5	65.8	66.8	66.8	66.9	67.3	67.4
Employed	29,191	30,684	30,668	29,172	30,071	30,185	30,407	30,571	30,637
Employment-population ratio	63.2	64.6	64.5	63.1	63.7	63.8	64.2	64.4	64.4
Unemployed	1,265	1,379	1,448	1,218	1,446	1,404	1,283	1,372	1,416
Unemployment rate	4.2	4.3	4.5	4.0	4.6	4.4	4.0	4.3	4.4
Not in labor force	15,745	15,410	15,453	15,810	15,677	15,699	15,690	15,530	15,517
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	16,450	17,212	17,271	16,469	16,969	16,956	17,123	17,224	17,290
Participation rate	78.6	79.8	79.9	78.7	79.1	78.9	79.5	79.8	80.0
Employed	15,911	16,647	16,660	15,864	16,293	16,260	16,434	16,576	16,599
Employment-population ratio	76.0	77.2	77.1	75.8	76.0	75.7	76.3	76.8	76.8
Unemployed	540	565	611	605	676	696	690	649	691
Unemployment rate	3.3	3.3	3.5	3.7	4.0	4.1	4.0	3.8	4.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	12,433	13,191	13,179	12,522	13,069	13,111	13,150	13,182	13,271
Participation rate	59.2	61.3	61.1	59.6	61.1	61.2	61.2	61.3	61.6
Employed	11,992	12,618	12,617	12,118	12,482	12,576	12,700	12,638	12,745
Employment-population ratio	57.1	58.6	58.5	57.7	58.4	58.7	59.1	58.7	59.1
Unemployed	441	572	562	403	587	534	450	544	525
Unemployment rate	3.5	4.3	4.3	3.2	4.5	4.1	3.4	4.1	4.0
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,572	1,660	1,667	1,400	1,479	1,522	1,417	1,537	1,492
Participation rate	36.8	37.9	37.9	32.7	34.0	34.9	32.4	35.0	33.9
Employed	1,288	1,419	1,391	1,190	1,296	1,349	1,273	1,357	1,292
Employment-population ratio	30.1	32.4	31.6	27.8	29.8	30.9	29.1	31.0	29.4
Unemployed	284	242	276	210	183	174	144	180	200
Unemployment rate	18.1	14.5	16.5	15.0	12.4	11.4	10.1	11.7	13.4
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	July 2022	June 2023	July 2023	July 2022	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023	July 2023
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	8,739	9,391	8,741	8,919	9,203	9,082	9,140	9,184	8,926
Participation rate	45.3	47.7	46.7	46.2	46.6	46.3	45.7	46.6	47.7
Employed	8,248	8,884	8,303	8,402	8,762	8,595	8,621	8,632	8,459
Employment-population ratio	42.7	45.1	44.3	43.5	44.3	43.8	43.1	43.8	45.2
Unemployed	491	507	438	518	441	487	519	552	467
Unemployment rate	5.6	5.4	5.0	5.8	4.8	5.4	5.7	6.0	5.2
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	35,154	35,780	35,766	35,371	35,680	35,752	36,022	36,038	35,980
Participation rate	55.8	56.5	56.2	56.1	56.1	56.4	56.8	57.0	56.5
Employed	33,890	34,441	34,572	34,094	34,246	34,345	34,611	34,638	34,763
Employment-population ratio	53.8	54.4	54.3	54.1	53.8	54.2	54.6	54.7	54.6
Unemployed	1,264	1,339	1,193	1,277	1,433	1,407	1,411	1,400	1,217
Unemployment rate	3.6	3.7	3.3	3.6	4.0	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.4
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	35,489	35,572	35,640	35,592	35,944	35,668	35,407	35,564	35,730
Participation rate	62.4	62.5	62.6	62.6	63.6	63.0	63.1	62.5	62.7
Employed	34,416	34,475	34,452	34,575	34,877	34,650	34,273	34,472	34,612
Employment-population ratio	60.5	60.5	60.5	60.8	61.8	61.2	61.1	60.5	60.7
Unemployed	1,072	1,096	1,188	1,016	1,067	1,018	1,134	1,092	1,118
Unemployment rate	3.0	3.1	3.3	2.9	3.0	2.9	3.2	3.1	3.1
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	62,997	63,652	64,525	63,345	63,632	64,077	64,201	64,274	64,817
Participation rate	72.5	72.7	73.1	72.9	73.1	73.3	73.1	73.4	73.4
Employed	61,521	62,310	63,032	62,063	62,355	62,835	62,879	63,010	63,522
Employment-population ratio	70.8	71.2	71.4	71.4	71.6	71.8	71.6	72.0	71.9
Unemployed	1,476	1,342	1,494	1,282	1,278	1,241	1,322	1,264	1,295
Unemployment rate	2.3	2.1	2.3	2.0	2.0	1.9	2.1	2.0	2.0
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	July 2022	July 2023	July 2022	July 2023	July 2022	July 2023
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	18,358	17,898	16,330	15,857	2,028	2,041
Civilian labor force	8,686	8,583	7,482	7,462	1,204	1,121
Participation rate	47.3	48.0	45.8	47.1	59.4	54.9
Employed	8,449	8,333	7,295	7,271	1,153	1,062
Employment-population ratio	46.0	46.6	44.7	45.9	56.9	52.0
Unemployed	237	250	187	191	50	59
Unemployment rate	2.7	2.9	2.5	2.6	4.2	5.2
Not in labor force	9,672	9,315	8,848	8,395	824	920
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,944	4,946	4,100	4,047	844	898
Civilian labor force	3,972	3,870	3,319	3,255	653	615
Participation rate	80.3	78.3	80.9	80.4	77.4	68.5
Employed	3,839	3,737	3,220	3,145	619	592
Employment-population ratio	77.6	75.6	78.5	77.7	73.3	65.9
Unemployed	133	133	99	110	35	24
Unemployment rate	3.4	3.4	3.0	3.4	5.3	3.9
Not in labor force	972	1,075	782	792	191	283
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,200	3,057	2,673	2,587	527	471
Civilian labor force	2,242	2,201	1,928	1,883	314	318
Participation rate	70.1	72.0	72.2	72.8	59.6	67.5
Employed	2,209	2,140	1,896	1,843	313	297
Employment-population ratio	69.0	70.0	70.9	71.3	59.4	63.1
Unemployed	33	61	33	40	1	21
Unemployment rate	1.5	2.8	1.7	2.1	0.3	6.6
Not in labor force	957	856	744	703	213	153
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	6,226	5,964	5,978	5,711	248	253
Civilian labor force	826	805	775	771	51	34
Participation rate	13.3	13.5	13.0	13.5	20.6	13.5
Employed	795	784	750	756	45	29
Employment-population ratio	12.8	13.2	12.6	13.2	18.0	11.4
Unemployed	31	21	24	15	6	5
Unemployment rate	3.7	2.5	3.1	2.0	-	-
Not in labor force	5,400	5,159	5,203	4,940	197	219
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,988	3,931	3,579	3,512	409	419
Civilian labor force	1,646	1,707	1,460	1,553	185	153
Participation rate	41.3	43.4	40.8	44.2	45.3	36.6
Employed	1,606	1,672	1,429	1,527	177	145
Employment-population ratio	40.3	42.5	39.9	43.5	43.2	34.6
Unemployed	40	35	32	26	8	9
Unemployment rate	2.4	2.0	2.2	1.7	4.6	5.6
Not in labor force	2,342	2,224	2,119	1,959	224	266
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	236,695	239,940	107,787	110,050	128,908	129,890
Civilian labor force	153,737	156,857	79,198	80,821	74,540	76,036
Participation rate	65.0	65.4	73.5	73.4	57.8	58.5
Employed	148,061	151,109	76,417	77,979	71,644	73,131
Employment-population ratio	62.6	63.0	70.9	70.9	55.6	56.3
Unemployed	5,676	5,748	2,781	2,842	2,896	2,905
Unemployment rate	3.7	3.7	3.5	3.5	3.9	3.8
Not in labor force	82,957	83,083	28,589	29,228	54,368	53,854
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
	July 2022	July 2023	July 2022	July 2023
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	32,619	33,894	231,392	233,109
Civilian labor force	7,371	8,330	157,951	160,023
Participation rate	22.6	24.6	68.3	68.6
Employed	6,796	7,756	152,271	154,226
Employment-population ratio	20.8	22.9	65.8	66.2
Unemployed	575	574	5,680	5,798
Unemployment rate	7.8	6.9	3.6	3.6
Not in labor force	25,249	25,563	73,442	73,085
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	3,115	3,596	78,935	79,971
Participation rate	38.2	42.3	83.4	83.7
Employed	2,871	3,358	76,277	77,126
Employment-population ratio	35.2	39.5	80.6	80.7
Unemployed	244	238	2,658	2,845
Unemployment rate	7.8	6.6	3.4	3.6
Not in labor force	5,044	4,914	15,676	15,583
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,982	3,267	69,570	70,285
Participation rate	36.4	38.5	72.3	73.1
Employed	2,747	2,982	66,838	67,597
Employment-population ratio	33.5	35.2	69.4	70.3
Unemployed	234	285	2,732	2,688
Unemployment rate	7.9	8.7	3.9	3.8
Not in labor force	5,208	5,212	26,705	25,838
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,274	1,467	9,445	9,768
Participation rate	7.8	8.7	23.3	23.6
Employed	1,178	1,416	9,156	9,503
Employment-population ratio	7.2	8.4	22.6	22.9
Unemployed	96	51	290	265
Unemployment rate	7.6	3.5	3.1	2.7
Not in labor force	14,997	15,438	31,061	31,664
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	July 2022	July 2023	July 2022	July 2023	July 2022	July 2023
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	44,856	46,107	22,016	22,508	22,840	23,599
Civilian labor force	29,644	30,870	17,131	17,630	12,513	13,240
Participation rate	66.1	67.0	77.8	78.3	54.8	56.1
Employed	28,683	29,728	16,579	17,069	12,104	12,659
Employment-population ratio	63.9	64.5	75.3	75.8	53.0	53.6
Unemployed	961	1,142	552	561	409	581
Unemployment rate	3.2	3.7	3.2	3.2	3.3	4.4
Not in labor force	15,212	15,237	4,885	4,878	10,327	10,360
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	219,155	220,895	106,620	107,999	112,535	112,897
Civilian labor force	135,677	137,484	70,920	72,018	64,757	65,466
Participation rate	61.9	62.2	66.5	66.7	57.5	58.0
Employed	130,384	132,254	68,374	69,348	62,010	62,906
Employment-population ratio	59.5	59.9	64.1	64.2	55.1	55.7
Unemployed	5,293	5,230	2,547	2,669	2,747	2,561
Unemployment rate	3.9	3.8	3.6	3.7	4.2	3.9
Not in labor force	83,478	83,412	35,699	35,981	47,779	47,430
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	July 2022	June 2023	July 2023	July 2022	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023	July 2023
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,562	2,398	2,392	2,412	2,226	2,301	2,301	2,311	2,261
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,724	1,650	1,633	1,600	1,509	1,536	1,569	1,591	1,519
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	785	712	719	750	666	715	672	674	688
Unpaid family workers	53	36	40	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	156,505	159,161	159,590	155,975	158,318	158,639	158,416	158,853	159,099
Wage and salary workers(1)	147,354	150,021	150,596	146,706	149,479	149,383	149,512	149,632	149,974
Government	20,462	21,022	20,293	21,278	21,467	21,678	21,434	21,552	21,161
Private industries	126,892	128,999	130,303	125,447	127,750	127,655	128,050	128,110	128,778
Private households	729	641	689	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	126,163	128,358	129,614	124,822	127,055	126,942	127,337	127,470	128,166
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,108	9,055	8,930	8,975	9,173	9,100	8,731	8,917	8,814
Unpaid family workers	43	84	63	-	-	-	-	-	-
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,084	4,403	4,158	3,925	4,102	3,903	3,739	4,191	4,000
Slack work or business conditions	2,726	2,955	2,743	2,699	2,873	2,760	2,582	2,890	2,717
Could only find part-time work	938	974	1,078	911	882	817	824	948	1,014
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	19,792	20,354	20,648	21,143	21,433	21,796	21,864	21,267	21,971
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,067	4,337	4,082	3,890	4,037	3,841	3,725	4,095	3,913
Slack work or business conditions	2,715	2,910	2,693	2,677	2,822	2,715	2,566	2,835	2,657
Could only find part-time work	933	970	1,073	910	872	807	821	943	1,012
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	19,367	20,004	20,202	20,721	21,069	21,400	21,496	20,913	21,539
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	July 2022	June 2023	July 2023	July 2022	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023	July 2023
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	159,067	161,559	161,982	158,272	160,892	161,031	160,721	160,994	161,262
16 to 19 years	6,557	6,320	6,542	5,428	5,792	5,796	5,676	5,559	5,462
16 to 17 years	2,557	2,451	2,539	2,082	2,227	2,209	2,240	2,177	2,083
18 to 19 years	4,000	3,868	4,003	3,347	3,589	3,594	3,450	3,372	3,353
20 years and over	152,510	155,239	155,439	152,844	155,100	155,236	155,045	155,435	155,799
20 to 24 years	14,435	15,130	15,080	13,898	14,896	14,843	14,816	14,741	14,559
25 years and over	138,075	140,110	140,359	138,946	140,372	140,452	140,314	140,612	141,160
25 to 54 years	101,049	103,108	102,940	101,670	103,121	103,220	103,209	103,384	103,539
25 to 34 years	35,190	35,712	35,997	35,391	35,780	35,866	35,814	35,755	36,168
35 to 44 years	34,422	35,267	35,173	34,619	35,492	35,285	35,257	35,391	35,379
45 to 54 years	31,436	32,130	31,771	31,660	31,849	32,069	32,138	32,238	31,992
55 years and over	37,027	37,002	37,418	37,276	37,250	37,232	37,105	37,228	37,620
Men, 16 years and over	84,953	86,140	86,417	83,912	85,776	85,611	85,410	85,547	85,492
16 to 19 years	3,343	3,072	3,097	2,727	2,961	2,951	2,884	2,679	2,570
16 to 17 years	1,241	1,142	1,167	988	1,134	1,079	1,043	972	943
18 to 19 years	2,102	1,930	1,930	1,743	1,850	1,878	1,844	1,695	1,606
20 years and over	81,610	83,068	83,320	81,185	82,816	82,661	82,526	82,868	82,922
20 to 24 years	7,390	7,784	7,789	7,027	7,687	7,491	7,509	7,541	7,435
25 years and over	74,221	75,284	75,531	74,168	75,249	75,207	75,088	75,233	75,462
25 to 54 years	54,256	55,342	55,437	54,195	55,232	55,184	55,174	55,263	55,358
25 to 34 years	18,715	19,161	19,365	18,709	19,140	19,134	19,145	19,130	19,338
35 to 44 years	18,685	19,169	19,155	18,633	19,115	18,997	18,998	19,143	19,103
45 to 54 years	16,855	17,012	16,918	16,853	16,977	17,053	17,031	16,990	16,917
55 years and over	19,965	19,942	20,094	19,973	20,017	20,023	19,914	19,971	20,104
Women, 16 years and over	74,114	75,419	75,565	74,360	75,115	75,420	75,311	75,448	75,769
16 to 19 years	3,214	3,248	3,445	2,701	2,831	2,845	2,793	2,880	2,892
16 to 17 years	1,316	1,309	1,372	1,094	1,093	1,130	1,196	1,205	1,140
18 to 19 years	1,897	1,939	2,073	1,605	1,738	1,716	1,606	1,677	1,746
20 years and over	70,900	72,171	72,120	71,659	72,284	72,575	72,518	72,567	72,877
20 to 24 years	7,046	7,345	7,291	6,871	7,209	7,353	7,307	7,201	7,125
25 years and over	63,854	64,826	64,828	64,779	65,123	65,245	65,226	65,378	65,697
25 to 54 years	46,793	47,766	47,504	47,475	47,889	48,036	48,035	48,121	48,181
25 to 34 years	16,475	16,551	16,632	16,682	16,640	16,732	16,669	16,625	16,830
35 to 44 years	15,737	16,097	16,018	15,986	16,377	16,288	16,259	16,248	16,276
45 to 54 years	14,581	15,118	14,853	14,808	14,872	15,016	15,107	15,248	15,075
55 years and over	17,061	17,060	17,325	17,303	17,234	17,209	17,191	17,258	17,516
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	45,240	45,696	45,587	45,494	46,341	46,124	45,647	45,844	45,886
Married women, spouse present(1)	36,203	36,422	36,768	36,897	36,759	37,140	36,964	36,847	37,413
Women who maintain families(2)	9,852	9,950	9,869	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	133,844	135,860	135,494	132,565	134,339	134,500	134,477	134,859	134,274
Part-time workers(4)	25,223	25,699	26,488	25,852	26,747	26,663	26,443	26,181	27,153
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	7,572	7,880	8,091	7,634	7,979	7,707	7,762	7,995	8,113
Percent of total employed	4.8	4.9	5.0	4.8	5.0	4.8	4.8	5.0	5.0
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	6,643	6,836	7,158	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,893	9,767	9,649	9,725	9,839	9,815	9,403	9,591	9,502
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	July 2022	June 2023	July 2023	July 2022	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023	July 2023
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	5,718	5,957	5,841	3.5	3.5	3.4	3.7	3.6	3.5
16 to 19 years	701	691	696	11.4	9.8	9.2	10.3	11.0	11.3
16 to 17 years	237	274	262	10.2	9.1	9.4	9.5	11.2	11.2
18 to 19 years	461	394	432	12.1	10.3	9.4	10.6	10.5	11.4
20 years and over	5,017	5,266	5,145	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.4	3.3	3.2
20 to 24 years	949	952	1,046	6.4	6.5	5.4	6.3	6.1	6.7
25 years and over	4,057	4,326	4,079	2.8	2.9	2.9	3.0	3.0	2.8
25 to 54 years	3,079	3,322	3,181	2.9	2.9	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.0
25 to 34 years	1,320	1,467	1,333	3.6	3.8	3.8	3.9	3.9	3.6
35 to 44 years	972	1,070	1,093	2.7	2.5	2.9	2.9	2.9	3.0
45 to 54 years	786	785	754	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.6	2.4	2.3
55 years and over	956	978	881	2.5	2.6	2.3	2.8	2.6	2.3
Men, 16 years and over	3,072	3,289	3,203	3.5	3.6	3.5	3.7	3.7	3.6
16 to 19 years	353	383	386	11.4	10.4	9.1	10.4	12.5	13.0
16 to 17 years	96	159	144	8.8	9.5	8.6	8.0	14.1	13.2
18 to 19 years	255	200	238	12.8	10.6	10.1	11.5	10.5	12.9
20 years and over	2,720	2,906	2,817	3.2	3.4	3.3	3.5	3.4	3.3
20 to 24 years	555	545	573	7.3	6.9	6.0	7.1	6.7	7.2
25 years and over	2,159	2,334	2,223	2.8	3.0	2.9	3.0	3.0	2.9
25 to 54 years	1,647	1,707	1,775	2.9	3.0	3.1	3.1	3.0	3.1
25 to 34 years	681	792	760	3.5	4.0	4.0	3.7	4.0	3.8
35 to 44 years	543	482	554	2.8	2.8	2.9	2.7	2.5	2.8
45 to 54 years	423	433	460	2.4	2.1	2.4	2.7	2.5	2.6
55 years and over	512	627	449	2.5	2.8	2.3	2.9	3.0	2.2
Women, 16 years and over	2,646	2,668	2,638	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.6	3.4	3.4
16 to 19 years	348	308	310	11.4	9.3	9.2	10.2	9.7	9.7
16 to 17 years	141	115	118	11.4	8.7	10.2	10.7	8.7	9.4
18 to 19 years	206	195	194	11.4	9.9	8.7	9.5	10.4	10.0
20 years and over	2,297	2,360	2,328	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.3	3.1	3.1
20 to 24 years	394	407	473	5.4	6.1	4.7	5.4	5.3	6.2
25 years and over	1,898	1,992	1,856	2.8	2.7	2.8	3.1	3.0	2.7
25 to 54 years	1,432	1,615	1,406	2.9	2.8	3.0	3.2	3.2	2.8
25 to 34 years	639	675	573	3.7	3.4	3.5	4.0	3.9	3.3
35 to 44 years	429	588	540	2.6	2.3	3.0	3.1	3.5	3.2
45 to 54 years	364	352	293	2.4	2.8	2.5	2.6	2.3	1.9
55 years and over	418	373	408	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.6	2.1	2.3
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	836	830	803	1.8	1.9	1.7	2.0	1.8	1.7
Married women, spouse present(1)	806	810	782	2.1	2.0	2.0	2.3	2.2	2.0
Women who maintain families(2)	482	501	466	4.7	4.6	4.8	4.6	4.8	4.5
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	4,609	4,875	4,702	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.6	3.5	3.4
Part-time workers(4)	1,130	1,086	1,150	4.2	3.9	3.6	4.0	4.0	4.1
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	July 2022	June 2023	July 2023	July 2022	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023	July 2023
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2,776	2,817	2,801	2,616	2,949	2,642	2,960	2,900	2,620
On temporary layoff	1,037	850	873	802	833	709	767	842	667
Not on temporary layoff	1,739	1,968	1,928	1,814	2,117	1,933	2,193	2,058	1,953
Permanent job losers	1,185	1,439	1,381	1,225	1,552	1,445	1,588	1,493	1,372
Persons who completed temporary jobs	554	528	547	589	564	488	605	565	581
Job leavers	880	772	891	843	845	790	765	794	852
Reentrants	1,938	1,934	1,989	1,822	1,665	1,761	1,821	1,745	1,853
New entrants	661	828	691	465	492	531	508	558	503
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	44.4	44.4	44.0	45.5	49.6	46.2	48.9	48.4	44.9
On temporary layoff	16.6	13.4	13.7	14.0	14.0	12.4	12.7	14.0	11.4
Not on temporary layoff	27.8	31.0	30.3	31.6	35.6	33.8	36.2	34.3	33.5
Job leavers	14.1	12.2	14.0	14.7	14.2	13.8	12.6	13.2	14.6
Reentrants	31.0	30.4	31.2	31.7	28.0	30.8	30.1	29.1	31.8
New entrants	10.6	13.0	10.8	8.1	8.3	9.3	8.4	9.3	8.6
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.8	1.6	1.8	1.7	1.6
Job leavers	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Reentrants	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.1
New entrants	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	July 2022	June 2023	July 2023	July 2022	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023	July 2023
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	2,373	2,788	2,283	2,086	2,272	1,866	2,083	2,068	2,004
5 to 14 weeks	2,179	1,667	2,048	1,769	1,733	1,915	1,865	1,889	1,698
15 weeks and over	1,703	1,896	2,041	1,827	1,838	1,835	2,046	2,021	2,161
15 to 26 weeks	557	845	820	734	734	679	858	917	997
27 weeks and over	1,145	1,051	1,221	1,093	1,104	1,156	1,188	1,105	1,164
Average (mean) duration, in weeks	21.0	19.3	19.6	22.1	19.5	20.9	21.2	20.7	20.6
Median duration, in weeks	7.5	6.4	8.1	8.3	8.1	8.4	8.6	8.7	8.7
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	37.9	43.9	35.8	36.7	38.9	33.2	34.8	34.6	34.2
5 to 14 weeks	34.8	26.2	32.1	31.1	29.7	34.1	31.1	31.6	29.0
15 weeks and over	27.2	29.8	32.0	32.2	31.5	32.7	34.1	33.8	36.9
15 to 26 weeks	8.9	13.3	12.9	12.9	12.6	12.1	14.3	15.3	17.0
27 weeks and over	18.3	16.6	19.2	19.2	18.9	20.6	19.8	18.5	19.9
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	July 2022	July 2023	July 2022	July 2023	July 2022	July 2023
Total, 16 years and over(1)	159,067	161,982	6,255	6,372	3.8	3.8
Management, professional, and related occupations	67,874	69,662	1,650	1,701	2.4	2.4
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	29,786	30,488	466	589	1.5	1.9
Professional and related occupations	38,088	39,174	1,184	1,112	3.0	2.8
Service occupations	25,812	27,173	1,192	1,335	4.4	4.7
Sales and office occupations	30,466	30,623	1,186	1,049	3.7	3.3
Sales and related occupations	14,213	14,569	605	564	4.1	3.7
Office and administrative support occupations	16,253	16,054	581	486	3.5	2.9
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	14,430	14,444	498	499	3.3	3.3
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	1,178	1,153	56	39	4.6	3.2
Construction and extraction occupations	8,388	8,341	349	363	4.0	4.2
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,864	4,949	93	97	1.9	1.9
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	20,484	20,080	1,058	1,069	4.9	5.1
Production occupations	8,464	8,278	326	350	3.7	4.1
Transportation and material moving occupations	12,021	11,801	732	719	5.7	5.7
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	July 2022	July 2023	July 2022	July 2023
Total, 16 years and over(1)	6,255	6,372	3.8	3.8
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	4,475	4,673	3.4	3.5
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	6	17	0.8	2.7
Construction	359	410	3.5	3.9
Manufacturing	491	420	3.2	2.7
Durable goods	276	261	2.9	2.6
Nondurable goods	215	159	3.7	2.9
Wholesale and retail trade	804	758	4.1	3.8
Transportation and utilities	310	374	3.7	4.5
Information	62	64	2.4	2.4
Financial activities	162	197	1.6	1.9
Professional and business services	628	688	3.3	3.5
Education and health services	785	722	3.2	2.8
Leisure and hospitality	677	836	4.8	5.8
Other services	194	187	2.8	2.7
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	82	63	4.7	3.8
Government workers	802	657	3.8	3.1
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	234	288	2.3	2.9
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	July 2022	June 2023	July 2023	July 2022	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023	July 2023
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.3
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.8	1.6	1.8	1.7	1.6
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.5	3.5	3.4	3.7	3.6	3.5
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	4.1	4.0	4.0	3.7	3.7	3.6	3.9	3.7	3.7
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	4.7	4.6	4.6	4.4	4.2	4.2	4.5	4.4	4.3
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	7.2	7.2	7.1	6.8	6.7	6.6	6.7	6.9	6.7
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	July 2022	July 2023	July 2022	July 2023	July 2022	July 2023
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	98,690	98,649	40,584	40,859	58,106	57,790
Persons who currently want a job	6,224	5,578	2,856	2,514	3,368	3,064
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,614	1,467	814	740	800	726
Discouraged workers(2)	472	381	292	268	181	112
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,142	1,086	523	472	619	614
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	7,572	8,091	3,863	3,945	3,709	4,146
Percent of total employed	4.8	5.0	4.5	4.6	5.0	5.5
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	4,312	4,556	2,376	2,356	1,936	2,200
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	1,747	2,003	657	820	1,090	1,183
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	433	421	304	214	129	207
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	995	1,022	483	520	513	502
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	July 2022	May 2023	June 2023(p)	July 2023(p)	July 2022	May 2023	June 2023(p)	July 2023(p)	Change from: June2023 - July2023(p)
Total nonfarm	152,875	156,279	156,945	156,126	152,980	155,970	156,155	156,342	187
Total private	131,804	133,378	134,376	134,558	130,795	133,341	133,469	133,641	172
Goods-producing	21,541	21,564	21,848	21,882	21,246	21,550	21,581	21,599	18
Mining and logging	622	641	648	651	613	643	642	643	1
Logging	46.1	44.4	46.0	48.5	45.3	46.6	46.2	47.3	1.1
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	575.6	596.8	601.6	602.6	568.0	596.8	595.4	595.7	0.3
Oil and gas extraction	123.9	117.9	118.4	119.2	122.9	119.0	118.0	118.0	0.0
Mining (except oil and gas)	187.6	188.7	190.6	191.4	183.6	186.9	187.2	187.7	0.5
Coal mining	40.9	41.3	41.7	41.7	40.8	41.3	41.6	41.7	0.1
Metal ore mining	43.5	44.0	44.2	44.3	42.9	43.9	43.7	43.7	0.0
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	103.2	103.4	104.7	105.4	99.9	101.8	102.0	102.3	0.3
Support activities for mining	264.1	290.2	292.6	292.0	261.5	290.9	290.2	290.0	-0.2
Construction	7,992	7,971	8,139	8,189	7,773	7,926	7,952	7,971	19
Construction of buildings	1,793.9	1,787.8	1,828.8	1,841.7	1,753.2	1,791.0	1,797.2	1,802.2	5.0
Residential building construction	945.9	928.6	947.0	944.5	924.1	927.8	930.0	924.5	-5.5
Nonresidential building construction	848.0	859.2	881.8	897.2	829.1	863.2	867.2	877.7	10.5
Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,126.8	1,132.2	1,160.6	1,166.3	1,078.6	1,105.2	1,113.9	1,116.1	2.2
Specialty trade contractors	5,071.3	5,051.2	5,149.5	5,180.9	4,941.3	5,029.7	5,041.2	5,052.4	11.2
Residential specialty trade contractors	2,363.1	2,347.3	2,397.7	2,422.1	2,304.6	2,335.8	2,349.3	2,362.6	13.3
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,708.2	2,703.9	2,751.8	2,758.8	2,636.7	2,693.9	2,691.9	2,689.8	-2.1
Manufacturing	12,927	12,952	13,061	13,042	12,860	12,981	12,987	12,985	-2
Durable goods	8,011	8,094	8,175	8,151	7,987	8,108	8,124	8,132	8
Wood product manufacturing	433.8	424.2	426.9	423.9	430.9	423.7	423.5	421.8	-1.7
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	426.2	430.4	437.1	437.1	420.1	427.6	430.8	431.8	1.0
Primary metal manufacturing	362.7	367.1	369.9	371.6	363.3	368.9	370.1	371.8	1.7
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	1,442.9	1,449.5	1,461.7	1,457.0	1,434.2	1,450.3	1,452.4	1,449.7	-2.7
Machinery manufacturing	1,116.5	1,125.6	1,140.8	1,139.3	1,106.1	1,126.8	1,129.5	1,130.1	0.6
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	1,098.3	1,099.0	1,110.2	1,114.0	1,091.5	1,102.4	1,104.4	1,106.9	2.5
Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing	164.0	167.3	169.1	169.2	163.2	168.3	168.5	168.6	0.1
Communications equipment manufacturing	86.9	84.7	86.4	86.6	86.1	84.9	85.3	85.6	0.3
Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing	393.0	387.4	389.7	391.5	389.0	389.3	387.7	388.0	0.3
Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing	422.1	426.0	431.3	432.5	421.0	426.1	429.5	431.0	1.5
Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media and audio and video equipment manufacturing	32.3	33.6	33.7	34.2	32.0	33.8	33.3	33.8	0.5
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	406.6	404.9	405.3	404.8	403.3	405.7	402.1	402.2	0.1
Transportation equipment manufacturing(1)	1,706.4	1,803.2	1,825.2	1,804.4	1,726.1	1,810.5	1,817.9	1,823.5	5.6
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	990.7	1,062.5	1,070.6	1,045.7	1,013.0	1,066.4	1,071.4	1,069.2	-2.2
Furniture and related product manufacturing	382.7	362.6	365.2	364.2	381.0	363.6	363.7	362.7	-1.0
Miscellaneous manufacturing	635.1	627.7	633.0	635.0	630.5	628.8	630.0	631.3	1.3
Nondurable goods	4,916	4,858	4,886	4,891	4,873	4,873	4,863	4,853	-10
Food manufacturing	1,721.3	1,709.2	1,721.8	1,731.2	1,702.9	1,724.2	1,719.8	1,716.6	-3.2
Textile mills	99.1	93.8	94.4	94.3	98.8	93.8	93.8	93.9	0.1
Textile product mills	104.7	101.0	99.2	98.3	104.1	100.6	99.3	98.3	-1.0
Apparel manufacturing	94.2	93.2	94.5	91.6	93.8	93.0	93.0	91.6	-1.4
Paper manufacturing	362.3	350.8	350.8	348.9	362.0	351.3	350.2	349.5	-0.7
Printing and related support activities	384.4	378.2	376.8	375.7	383.3	378.5	376.1	375.1	-1.0
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	109.1	107.5	108.4	108.3	106.2	106.0	106.0	105.4	-0.6
Chemical manufacturing	914.7	918.9	923.2	918.6	908.8	920.4	918.0	913.4	-4.6
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	761.2	745.4	748.5	749.8	759.2	746.1	745.9	746.8	0.9
Beverage, tobacco, and leather and allied product manufacturing	365.2	359.8	368.7	373.9	354.1	359.2	360.4	362.2	1.8
Private service-providing	110,263	111,814	112,528	112,676	109,549	111,791	111,888	112,042	154
Trade, transportation, and utilities	28,641	28,725	28,820	28,805	28,717	28,898	28,867	28,885	18
Wholesale trade	6,018.2	6,057.9	6,077.6	6,098.4	5,982.3	6,054.1	6,045.9	6,063.8	17.9
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods	3,318.0	3,347.3	3,356.2	3,365.7	3,299.5	3,345.5	3,340.1	3,348.7	8.6
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods	2,177.4	2,187.2	2,197.2	2,205.2	2,162.1	2,184.4	2,182.6	2,189.8	7.2
Wholesale trade agents and brokers	522.8	523.4	524.2	527.5	520.7	524.2	523.2	525.3	2.1
Retail trade	15,503.6	15,463.8	15,539.5	15,567.3	15,476.7	15,548.1	15,534.0	15,542.5	8.5
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	2,023.0	2,036.4	2,049.5	2,051.1	2,011.3	2,030.6	2,034.7	2,038.7	4.0
Automobile dealers	1,254.9	1,256.7	1,261.6	1,261.2	1,252.1	1,255.7	1,257.0	1,258.6	1.6
Other motor vehicle dealers	185.7	182.7	186.3	186.1	177.1	177.5	177.3	177.6	0.3
Automotive parts, accessories, and tire retailers	582.4	597.0	601.6	603.8	582.1	597.4	600.4	602.5	2.1
Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	1,455.5	1,430.7	1,428.0	1,404.7	1,412.8	1,377.0	1,373.1	1,372.3	-0.8
Food and beverage retailers	3,215.8	3,228.4	3,250.8	3,266.5	3,196.3	3,244.8	3,243.7	3,249.6	5.9
Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers	897.9	850.1	845.2	840.1	908.9	859.0	854.1	850.0	-4.1
Furniture and home furnishings retailers	454.8	433.4	433.7	428.2	460.4	436.8	435.9	432.5	-3.4
Electronics and appliance retailers	443.1	416.7	411.5	411.9	455.3	423.5	420.6	419.8	-0.8
General merchandise retailers	3,083.2	3,111.9	3,129.2	3,137.0	3,147.1	3,180.8	3,181.1	3,180.4	-0.7
Department stores	932.6	928.1	931.7	931.2	963.7	966.5	962.7	957.3	-5.4
Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and other general merchandise retailers	2,150.6	2,183.8	2,197.5	2,205.8	2,183.4	2,214.3	2,218.4	2,223.1	4.7
Health and personal care retailers	1,080.7	1,095.4	1,097.9	1,092.3	1,093.4	1,105.5	1,107.2	1,106.7	-0.5
Gasoline stations and fuel dealers	1,050.9	1,066.6	1,080.7	1,088.3	1,039.3	1,068.3	1,071.6	1,075.3	3.7
Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers	1,140.5	1,114.4	1,121.2	1,139.6	1,131.1	1,144.9	1,135.9	1,136.5	0.6
Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers	1,556.1	1,529.9	1,537.0	1,547.7	1,536.5	1,537.2	1,532.6	1,533.0	0.4
Transportation and warehousing	6,560.8	6,647.1	6,643.0	6,577.3	6,703.6	6,738.6	6,729.9	6,721.5	-8.4
Air transportation	514.6	539.0	546.5	548.9	509.7	537.9	541.0	543.7	2.7
Rail transportation	146.3	150.5	150.5	150.5	146.2	150.4	150.2	150.4	0.2
Water transportation	70.6	69.6	71.8	71.0	66.1	68.7	68.6	66.9	-1.7
Truck transportation	1,614.2	1,606.5	1,618.5	1,619.7	1,597.0	1,609.2	1,607.2	1,604.3	-2.9
Transit and ground passenger transportation	360.9	450.6	425.3	379.3	416.4	436.5	436.7	436.0	-0.7
Pipeline transportation	50.8	47.5	47.6	47.5	50.2	47.4	47.2	47.1	-0.1
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	39.6	35.2	41.4	44.6	31.7	35.6	36.2	37.0	0.8
Support activities for transportation	786.5	808.9	809.8	814.3	789.7	815.1	816.9	819.2	2.3
Couriers and messengers	1,055.5	1,053.7	1,059.0	1,038.4	1,139.6	1,126.0	1,120.8	1,117.4	-3.4
Warehousing and storage	1,921.8	1,885.6	1,872.6	1,863.1	1,957.0	1,911.8	1,905.1	1,899.5	-5.6
Utilities	558.5	555.9	560.0	561.6	554.2	556.7	557.3	557.1	-0.2
Information	3,130	3,077	3,107	3,097	3,102	3,091	3,086	3,074	-12
Motion picture and sound recording industries	480.8	475.4	480.3	477.3	465.1	472.4	469.2	463.0	-6.2
Publishing industries	956.4	924.8	942.4	936.9	948.6	933.9	934.9	931.2	-3.7
Broadcasting and content providers	355.9	354.2	352.4	349.2	357.1	354.6	351.8	351.3	-0.5
Telecommunications	671.7	643.2	648.5	644.7	668.8	647.0	646.8	642.5	-4.3
Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services	471.2	489.8	492.8	496.5	470.4	490.5	492.2	496.1	3.9
Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services	194.3	189.7	190.7	191.9	192.2	192.9	190.6	190.0	-0.6
Financial activities	9,126	9,105	9,186	9,230	9,057	9,135	9,144	9,163	19
Finance and insurance	6,710.8	6,692.6	6,732.2	6,752.7	6,683.7	6,715.9	6,718.6	6,724.9	6.3
Monetary authorities-central bank	21.8	21.9	22.2	22.4	21.4	22.0	22.1	22.1	0.0
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,700.1	2,665.3	2,675.8	2,675.4	2,690.6	2,670.6	2,669.4	2,667.5	-1.9
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,770.5	1,780.0	1,791.8	1,793.9	1,761.5	1,783.4	1,786.7	1,786.4	-0.3
Commercial banking	1,373.4	1,370.7	1,379.6	1,378.6	1,365.8	1,373.4	1,375.3	1,372.5	-2.8
Nondepository credit intermediation	600.7	569.8	570.3	568.8	599.6	572.0	569.0	567.4	-1.6
Activities related to credit intermediation	328.9	315.5	313.7	312.7	329.6	315.2	313.7	313.7	0.0
Securities, commodity contracts, funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles, investments, and related activities	1,069.8	1,074.6	1,090.9	1,100.2	1,056.4	1,081.7	1,086.2	1,086.1	-0.1
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,919.1	2,930.8	2,943.3	2,954.7	2,915.3	2,941.6	2,940.9	2,949.2	8.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,415.0	2,412.4	2,454.0	2,477.1	2,373.6	2,419.2	2,425.4	2,437.8	12.4
Real estate	1,838.3	1,841.1	1,861.8	1,872.8	1,817.8	1,849.9	1,850.8	1,855.3	4.5
Rental and leasing services	553.8	548.8	569.5	581.6	533.3	546.7	552.3	560.2	7.9
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	22.9	22.5	22.7	22.7	22.5	22.6	22.3	22.3	0.0
Professional and business services	22,735	22,997	23,098	23,094	22,659	23,017	23,040	23,032	-8
Professional, scientific, and technical services	10,604.6	10,818.4	10,887.7	10,955.3	10,568.6	10,873.5	10,897.3	10,921.4	24.1
Legal services	1,197.6	1,171.5	1,194.7	1,191.5	1,187.9	1,178.6	1,183.7	1,182.5	-1.2
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services	1,084.3	1,135.6	1,125.2	1,125.7	1,120.4	1,160.7	1,161.6	1,161.2	-0.4
Architectural, engineering, and related services	1,639.5	1,670.5	1,703.6	1,709.0	1,615.0	1,677.1	1,683.6	1,684.4	0.8
Specialized design services	154.7	158.8	161.1	160.3	154.4	158.7	159.9	159.8	-0.1
Computer systems design and related services	2,472.9	2,504.4	2,501.4	2,524.0	2,462.3	2,504.0	2,508.3	2,514.8	6.5
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services	1,795.1	1,864.8	1,875.5	1,895.7	1,791.8	1,874.3	1,884.3	1,894.0	9.7
Scientific research and development services	919.3	931.9	945.1	955.1	903.5	935.6	935.1	937.8	2.7
Advertising, public relations, and related services	494.0	493.5	497.4	500.1	491.4	494.9	496.2	497.2	1.0
Other professional, scientific, and technical services	847.2	887.4	883.7	893.9	841.9	889.6	884.5	889.7	5.2
Management of companies and enterprises	2,516.1	2,513.0	2,538.1	2,546.7	2,497.9	2,521.6	2,523.8	2,527.8	4.0
Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services	9,614.3	9,665.9	9,672.0	9,591.5	9,592.6	9,621.9	9,618.6	9,582.5	-36.1
Administrative and support services	9,129.9	9,173.2	9,173.2	9,090.3	9,112.6	9,126.9	9,123.1	9,086.7	-36.4
Office administrative services	606.3	620.9	623.4	622.6	599.1	618.8	619.5	618.2	-1.3
Facilities support services	157.4	160.5	163.4	166.9	158.3	163.8	165.1	165.7	0.6
Employment services(1)	3,794.7	3,782.8	3,717.5	3,630.7	3,896.0	3,800.3	3,780.8	3,746.4	-34.4
Temporary help services	3,026.2	3,010.8	2,942.1	2,869.7	3,119.9	3,014.3	2,994.1	2,972.0	-22.1
Business support services	780.3	754.0	749.9	746.4	794.7	759.7	759.9	759.0	-0.9
Travel arrangement and reservation services	174.7	182.4	184.8	186.2	171.7	181.2	181.6	183.3	1.7
Investigation and security services	954.6	980.1	984.7	975.6	955.7	979.9	985.0	978.2	-6.8
Services to buildings and dwellings	2,322.6	2,347.6	2,405.5	2,416.9	2,200.9	2,279.0	2,287.7	2,293.2	5.5
Other support services	339.3	344.9	344.0	345.0	336.3	344.2	343.4	342.7	-0.7
Waste management and remediation services	484.4	492.7	498.8	501.2	480.0	495.0	495.5	495.8	0.3
Private education and health services	24,119	25,260	25,089	25,113	24,404	25,237	25,308	25,408	100
Private educational services	3,540.9	3,971.3	3,721.8	3,662.2	3,813.1	3,938.5	3,938.2	3,951.7	13.5
Health care and social assistance	20,578.3	21,288.3	21,367.0	21,450.9	20,590.7	21,298.0	21,369.3	21,456.4	87.1
Health care(3)	16,331.6	16,772.3	16,847.2	16,929.4	16,320.2	16,808.5	16,853.7	16,916.7	63.0
Ambulatory health care services	8,135.6	8,370.3	8,388.3	8,430.8	8,139.4	8,377.4	8,399.1	8,434.5	35.4
Offices of physicians	2,811.6	2,882.2	2,889.0	2,905.6	2,810.4	2,885.5	2,895.2	2,903.5	8.3
Offices of dentists	1,023.2	1,038.7	1,037.1	1,043.0	1,023.3	1,038.9	1,034.2	1,042.5	8.3
Offices of other health practitioners	1,089.9	1,130.8	1,133.2	1,134.5	1,089.6	1,130.9	1,134.7	1,135.2	0.5
Outpatient care centers	1,037.2	1,054.9	1,055.5	1,062.4	1,036.9	1,058.3	1,059.7	1,062.9	3.2
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	321.3	322.9	322.8	323.2	321.2	323.0	323.1	323.6	0.5
Home health care services	1,531.2	1,604.3	1,616.0	1,624.3	1,535.9	1,603.9	1,615.5	1,627.5	12.0
Other ambulatory health care services	321.2	336.5	334.7	337.8	322.1	336.8	336.7	339.2	2.5
Hospitals	5,167.8	5,275.0	5,301.8	5,323.8	5,165.6	5,295.0	5,305.9	5,322.0	16.1
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,028.2	3,127.0	3,157.1	3,174.8	3,015.2	3,136.1	3,148.7	3,160.2	11.5
Skilled nursing care facilities	1,361.0	1,398.2	1,415.8	1,425.9	1,355.4	1,405.1	1,411.6	1,417.9	6.3
Residential intellectual and developmental disability, mental health, and substance abuse facilities	611.1	630.6	635.1	638.2	608.8	630.8	633.8	635.7	1.9
Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly	903.5	942.9	947.9	953.9	899.4	943.9	945.9	950.6	4.7
Other residential care facilities	152.6	155.3	158.3	156.8	151.7	156.3	157.3	156.0	-1.3
Social assistance	4,246.7	4,516.0	4,519.8	4,521.5	4,270.5	4,489.5	4,515.6	4,539.7	24.1
Individual and family services	2,843.5	3,002.7	3,021.6	3,044.1	2,835.0	2,995.2	3,014.5	3,033.1	18.6
Community food and housing, and emergency and other relief services	201.7	215.1	218.0	217.9	202.7	215.8	218.1	218.8	0.7
Vocational rehabilitation services	271.1	279.0	283.7	283.0	266.4	279.0	280.0	278.8	-1.2
Child care services	930.4	1,019.2	996.5	976.5	966.4	999.5	1,003.1	1,009.0	5.9
Leisure and hospitality	16,712	16,779	17,286	17,371	15,887	16,557	16,576	16,593	17
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,652.1	2,505.4	2,750.0	2,798.4	2,297.8	2,443.3	2,458.3	2,458.6	0.3
Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries	544.5	561.0	571.9	564.2	513.6	528.4	533.4	530.8	-2.6
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	176.0	174.3	184.9	188.3	159.4	171.8	171.9	172.3	0.4
Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries	1,931.6	1,770.1	1,993.2	2,045.9	1,624.8	1,743.1	1,753.0	1,755.5	2.5
Accommodation and food services	14,060.0	14,274.0	14,535.6	14,572.4	13,588.7	14,113.2	14,117.7	14,133.9	16.2
Accommodation	1,948.9	1,861.6	1,971.2	2,015.3	1,781.6	1,852.1	1,856.6	1,859.4	2.8
Food services and drinking places	12,111.1	12,412.4	12,564.4	12,557.1	11,807.1	12,261.1	12,261.1	12,274.5	13.4
Other services	5,800	5,871	5,942	5,966	5,723	5,856	5,867	5,887	20
Repair and maintenance	1,405.0	1,450.1	1,461.5	1,467.3	1,395.4	1,445.4	1,449.3	1,455.9	6.6
Personal and laundry services	1,508.4	1,545.2	1,558.6	1,563.6	1,496.5	1,533.6	1,539.1	1,549.8	10.7
Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations	2,886.6	2,875.7	2,921.9	2,934.9	2,831.5	2,876.7	2,879.0	2,880.8	1.8
Government	21,071	22,901	22,569	21,568	22,185	22,629	22,686	22,701	15
Federal	2,878	2,920	2,927	2,942	2,867	2,919	2,922	2,929	7
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,273.9	2,315.5	2,323.0	2,337.0	2,263.7	2,311.7	2,314.9	2,323.9	9.0
U.S. Postal Service	604.3	604.8	603.7	605.3	603.3	607.7	607.4	605.3	-2.1
State government	4,799	5,226	5,009	4,927	5,103	5,216	5,246	5,235	-11
State government education	2,130.7	2,533.6	2,290.5	2,199.2	2,448.5	2,523.0	2,544.5	2,524.8	-19.7
State government, excluding education	2,668.4	2,692.0	2,718.9	2,728.1	2,654.5	2,692.8	2,701.7	2,710.4	8.7
Local government	13,394	14,755	14,633	13,699	14,215	14,494	14,518	14,537	19
Local government education	6,757.2	8,186.7	7,849.3	6,847.4	7,807.4	7,914.3	7,920.1	7,919.8	-0.3
Local government, excluding education	6,636.3	6,568.0	6,783.5	6,851.4	6,407.7	6,579.5	6,598.0	6,616.9	18.9
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicle manufacturing, motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing, and motor vehicle parts manufacturing. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	July 2022	May 2023	June 2023(p)	July 2023(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.6	34.3	34.4	34.3
Goods-producing	39.9	39.8	39.8	39.8
Mining and logging	46.2	45.6	45.6	44.8
Construction	38.7	38.8	38.9	38.9
Manufacturing	40.4	40.1	40.1	40.1
Durable goods	40.8	40.6	40.7	40.6
Nondurable goods	39.7	39.2	39.1	39.1
Private service-providing	33.6	33.3	33.3	33.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.3	33.8	34.0	33.9
Wholesale trade	39.1	38.9	39.0	38.9
Retail trade	30.3	29.8	29.9	29.8
Transportation and warehousing	38.7	37.9	38.1	38.2
Utilities	42.2	42.3	42.7	42.8
Information	36.7	36.1	36.3	36.3
Financial activities	37.4	37.4	37.4	37.5
Professional and business services	36.6	36.4	36.5	36.5
Private education and health services	33.4	33.4	33.4	33.3
Leisure and hospitality	25.7	25.3	25.4	25.3
Other services	32.3	32.3	32.3	32.2
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.2	3.0	3.0	3.0
Durable goods	3.3	3.1	3.1	3.2
Nondurable goods	3.1	2.8	2.8	2.7
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	July 2022	May 2023	June 2023(p)	July 2023(p)	July 2022	May 2023	June 2023(p)	July 2023(p)
Total private	$32.33	$33.45	$33.60	$33.74	$1,118.62	$1,147.34	$1,155.84	$1,157.28
Goods-producing	32.53	33.84	34.04	34.26	1,297.95	1,346.83	1,354.79	1,363.55
Mining and logging	36.35	38.04	37.95	38.09	1,679.37	1,734.62	1,730.52	1,706.43
Construction	34.78	36.26	36.36	36.67	1,345.99	1,406.89	1,414.40	1,426.46
Manufacturing	31.02	32.17	32.44	32.61	1,253.21	1,290.02	1,300.84	1,307.66
Durable goods	32.56	33.74	33.95	34.12	1,328.45	1,369.84	1,381.77	1,385.27
Nondurable goods	28.43	29.47	29.82	29.99	1,128.67	1,155.22	1,165.96	1,172.61
Private service-providing	32.29	33.37	33.50	33.62	1,084.94	1,111.22	1,115.55	1,119.55
Trade, transportation, and utilities	27.73	28.86	28.98	29.03	951.14	975.47	985.32	984.12
Wholesale trade	35.17	36.58	36.84	36.82	1,375.15	1,422.96	1,436.76	1,432.30
Retail trade	23.01	23.83	23.88	23.94	697.20	710.13	714.01	713.41
Transportation and warehousing	27.77	28.95	29.05	29.12	1,074.70	1,097.21	1,106.81	1,112.38
Utilities	47.53	49.68	49.96	50.05	2,005.77	2,101.46	2,133.29	2,142.14
Information	46.49	48.13	48.04	48.24	1,706.18	1,737.49	1,743.85	1,751.11
Financial activities	41.67	43.00	43.32	43.50	1,558.46	1,608.20	1,620.17	1,631.25
Professional and business services	38.83	40.23	40.41	40.61	1,421.18	1,464.37	1,474.97	1,482.27
Private education and health services	32.09	32.81	32.92	33.01	1,071.81	1,095.85	1,099.53	1,099.23
Leisure and hospitality	20.18	21.14	21.24	21.31	518.63	534.84	539.50	539.14
Other services	28.86	29.68	29.73	29.69	932.18	958.66	960.28	956.02
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	July 2022	May 2023	June 2023(p)	July 2023(p)	Percent change from: June 2023 - July 2023(p)	July 2022	May 2023	June 2023(p)	July 2023(p)	Percent change from: June 2023 - July 2023(p)
Total private	113.6	114.8	115.3	115.1	-0.2	175.6	183.6	185.2	185.6	0.2
Goods-producing	96.6	97.7	97.9	97.9	0.0	142.0	149.5	150.6	151.7	0.7
Mining and logging	89.0	92.1	92.0	90.5	-1.6	129.9	140.7	140.2	138.4	-1.3
Construction	103.7	106.0	106.6	106.9	0.3	156.7	167.0	168.5	170.3	1.1
Manufacturing	93.5	93.6	93.7	93.7	0.0	134.8	140.1	141.3	142.1	0.6
Durable goods	91.7	92.7	93.1	93.0	-0.1	132.7	138.9	140.4	140.9	0.4
Nondurable goods	96.6	95.3	94.9	94.7	-0.2	139.3	142.6	143.6	144.1	0.3
Private service-providing	118.5	119.8	120.0	120.1	0.1	186.0	194.4	195.3	196.3	0.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	107.6	106.7	107.2	107.0	-0.2	160.9	166.1	167.6	167.5	-0.1
Wholesale trade	103.2	103.9	104.0	104.0	0.0	151.8	159.0	160.3	160.3	0.0
Retail trade	95.4	94.3	94.5	94.3	-0.2	145.2	148.6	149.3	149.2	-0.1
Transportation and warehousing	149.1	146.7	147.3	147.5	0.1	210.6	216.1	217.7	218.6	0.4
Utilities	101.2	101.9	103.0	103.2	0.2	158.9	167.2	170.0	170.6	0.4
Information	104.0	101.9	102.3	101.9	-0.4	172.1	174.7	175.0	175.1	0.1
Financial activities	111.0	111.9	112.0	112.6	0.5	180.3	187.7	189.3	191.0	0.9
Professional and business services	129.7	131.1	131.6	131.5	-0.1	204.1	213.6	215.4	216.4	0.5
Private education and health services	133.1	137.6	138.0	138.2	0.1	205.5	217.2	218.6	219.4	0.4
Leisure and hospitality	116.5	119.5	120.1	119.8	-0.2	189.7	203.8	205.9	205.9	0.0
Other services	106.6	109.1	109.3	109.3	0.0	168.6	177.4	178.0	177.9	-0.1
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	July 2022	May 2023	June 2023(p)	July 2023(p)	July 2022	May 2023	June 2023(p)	July 2023(p)
Total nonfarm	76,169	77,678	77,794	77,937	49.8	49.8	49.8	49.9
Total private	63,241	64,472	64,548	64,675	48.4	48.4	48.4	48.4
Goods-producing	4,898	4,988	4,995	5,000	23.1	23.1	23.1	23.1
Mining and logging	78	83	83	83	12.7	12.9	12.9	12.9
Construction	1,091	1,119	1,127	1,135	14.0	14.1	14.2	14.2
Manufacturing	3,729	3,786	3,785	3,782	29.0	29.2	29.1	29.1
Durable goods	1,980	2,025	2,027	2,028	24.8	25.0	25.0	24.9
Nondurable goods	1,749	1,761	1,758	1,754	35.9	36.1	36.2	36.1
Private service-providing	58,343	59,484	59,553	59,675	53.3	53.2	53.2	53.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	11,328	11,355	11,345	11,336	39.4	39.3	39.3	39.2
Wholesale trade	1,832.1	1,857.6	1,863.0	1,863.5	30.6	30.7	30.8	30.7
Retail trade	7,542.3	7,523.8	7,514.0	7,513.8	48.7	48.4	48.4	48.3
Transportation and warehousing	1,813.0	1,827.9	1,821.8	1,813.3	27.0	27.1	27.1	27.0
Utilities	140.8	145.7	145.9	145.3	25.4	26.2	26.2	26.1
Information	1,240	1,253	1,251	1,251	40.0	40.5	40.5	40.7
Financial activities	5,054	5,086	5,087	5,091	55.8	55.7	55.6	55.6
Professional and business services	10,458	10,589	10,590	10,597	46.2	46.0	46.0	46.0
Private education and health services	18,807	19,388	19,459	19,541	77.1	76.8	76.9	76.9
Leisure and hospitality	8,398	8,674	8,675	8,711	52.9	52.4	52.3	52.5
Other services	3,058	3,139	3,146	3,148	53.4	53.6	53.6	53.5
Government	12,928	13,206	13,246	13,262	58.3	58.4	58.4	58.4
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]

Industry	July 2022	May 2023	June 2023(p)	July 2023(p)
Total private	106,649	108,539	108,676	108,917
Goods-producing	15,243	15,443	15,464	15,466
Mining and logging	462	490	491	495
Construction	5,745	5,825	5,841	5,847
Manufacturing	9,036	9,128	9,132	9,124
Durable goods	5,534	5,618	5,630	5,627
Nondurable goods	3,502	3,510	3,502	3,497
Private service-providing	91,406	93,096	93,212	93,451
Trade, transportation, and utilities	24,228	24,362	24,335	24,354
Wholesale trade	4,754.5	4,790.6	4,777.1	4,792.8
Retail trade	13,186.3	13,249.5	13,234.1	13,244.3
Transportation and warehousing	5,842.0	5,878.8	5,880.5	5,874.4
Utilities	445.2	443.2	443.0	442.4
Information	2,468	2,472	2,467	2,462
Financial activities	6,820	6,861	6,871	6,880
Professional and business services	18,135	18,244	18,251	18,249
Private education and health services	21,221	21,948	22,013	22,093
Leisure and hospitality	13,879	14,448	14,506	14,620
Other services	4,655	4,761	4,769	4,793
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	July 2022	May 2023	June 2023(p)	July 2023(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.0	33.8	33.8	33.8
Goods-producing	40.7	40.5	40.5	40.4
Mining and logging	48.2	48.0	47.5	47.2
Construction	39.5	39.5	39.6	39.5
Manufacturing	41.1	40.7	40.7	40.6
Durable goods	41.5	41.1	41.1	41.0
Nondurable goods	40.4	40.2	40.0	40.1
Private service-providing	32.9	32.7	32.7	32.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.1	33.9	34.1	34.0
Wholesale trade	39.2	38.8	39.0	38.9
Retail trade	30.4	30.2	30.4	30.3
Transportation and warehousing	37.8	37.6	37.6	37.7
Utilities	42.5	42.6	42.9	43.4
Information	36.3	35.6	35.7	35.9
Financial activities	37.4	37.1	37.1	37.0
Professional and business services	36.4	36.2	36.3	36.3
Private education and health services	32.6	32.7	32.6	32.6
Leisure and hospitality	24.6	24.2	24.1	24.1
Other services	31.1	31.3	31.3	31.2
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	4.0	3.6	3.7	3.7
Durable goods	4.2	3.8	3.9	3.9
Nondurable goods	3.7	3.4	3.4	3.5
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	July 2022	May 2023	June 2023(p)	July 2023(p)	July 2022	May 2023	June 2023(p)	July 2023(p)
Total private	$27.64	$28.72	$28.83	$28.96	$939.76	$970.74	$974.45	$978.85
Goods-producing	28.05	29.33	29.53	29.65	1,141.64	1,187.87	1,195.97	1,197.86
Mining and logging	32.89	34.30	34.53	34.72	1,585.30	1,646.40	1,640.18	1,638.78
Construction	32.36	33.97	34.06	34.24	1,278.22	1,341.82	1,348.78	1,352.48
Manufacturing	25.12	26.15	26.39	26.46	1,032.43	1,064.31	1,074.07	1,074.28
Durable goods	26.20	27.32	27.55	27.62	1,087.30	1,122.85	1,132.31	1,132.42
Nondurable goods	23.37	24.23	24.49	24.56	944.15	974.05	979.60	984.86
Private service-providing	27.56	28.59	28.69	28.82	906.72	934.89	938.16	942.41
Trade, transportation, and utilities	24.06	25.10	25.18	25.31	820.45	850.89	858.64	860.54
Wholesale trade	29.34	30.28	30.47	30.50	1,150.13	1,174.86	1,188.33	1,186.45
Retail trade	19.71	20.40	20.48	20.54	599.18	616.08	622.59	622.36
Transportation and warehousing	25.91	27.62	27.63	27.88	979.40	1,038.51	1,038.89	1,051.08
Utilities	42.42	44.33	44.33	44.79	1,802.85	1,888.46	1,901.76	1,943.89
Information	37.71	39.41	39.35	39.45	1,368.87	1,403.00	1,404.80	1,416.26
Financial activities	32.48	33.60	33.76	33.84	1,214.75	1,246.56	1,252.50	1,252.08
Professional and business services	32.59	34.05	34.11	34.31	1,186.28	1,232.61	1,238.19	1,245.45
Private education and health services	29.13	29.95	30.09	30.25	949.64	979.37	980.93	986.15
Leisure and hospitality	17.89	18.68	18.80	18.87	440.09	452.06	453.08	454.77
Other services	25.03	25.49	25.61	25.72	778.43	797.84	801.59	802.46
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	July 2022	May 2023	June 2023(p)	July 2023(p)	Percent change from: June 2023 - July 2023(p)	July 2022	May 2023	June 2023(p)	July 2023(p)	Percent change from: June 2023 - July 2023(p)
Total private	120.8	122.2	122.4	122.7	0.2	223.2	234.7	235.9	237.4	0.6
Goods-producing	94.8	95.6	95.7	95.5	-0.2	162.8	171.6	173.0	173.3	0.2
Mining and logging	118.3	125.0	123.9	124.2	0.2	226.4	249.3	248.9	250.7	0.7
Construction	113.6	115.2	115.8	115.6	-0.2	198.5	211.3	213.0	213.8	0.4
Manufacturing	85.3	85.3	85.3	85.0	-0.4	140.1	145.8	147.2	147.1	-0.1
Durable goods	86.3	86.7	86.9	86.7	-0.2	141.1	147.9	149.5	149.4	-0.1
Nondurable goods	83.4	83.1	82.5	82.6	0.1	137.7	142.3	142.8	143.4	0.4
Private service-providing	128.1	129.7	129.9	130.2	0.2	242.2	254.4	255.6	257.4	0.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	115.6	115.6	116.2	115.9	-0.3	198.9	207.4	209.0	209.7	0.3
Wholesale trade	110.6	110.3	110.6	110.7	0.1	191.5	197.1	198.8	199.2	0.2
Retail trade	101.6	101.5	102.0	101.7	-0.3	171.8	177.5	179.1	179.2	0.1
Transportation and warehousing	167.1	167.3	167.3	167.6	0.2	275.6	294.1	294.3	297.4	1.1
Utilities	96.8	96.6	97.2	98.2	1.0	171.3	178.7	179.8	183.6	2.1
Information	102.3	100.4	100.5	100.9	0.4	190.9	196.0	195.8	197.0	0.6
Financial activities	120.0	119.8	120.0	119.8	-0.2	239.9	247.6	249.2	249.4	0.1
Professional and business services	147.4	147.4	147.9	147.9	0.0	285.6	298.6	300.1	301.8	0.6
Private education and health services	147.5	153.0	153.0	153.6	0.4	283.6	302.5	303.9	306.6	0.9
Leisure and hospitality	125.1	128.1	128.1	129.1	0.8	254.1	271.7	273.4	276.6	1.2
Other services	101.5	104.5	104.7	104.9	0.2	185.2	194.1	195.3	196.5	0.6
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.